Psychonautic - Methodologies

Methodologies

• Hallucinogens and especially psychedelics like LSD, DMT, psilocybin mushrooms, and Peyote, but also dissociatives like ketamine (famously used in psychonautic endeavors by John C. Lilly), DXM, and Salvia divinorum
• Disruption of psychological and physiological processes required for usual mental states - sleep deprivation, fasting, sensory deprivation, oxygen deprivation/smoke inhalation, holotropic breathwork
• Ritual, both as a means of inducing an altered state, and also for practical purposes of grounding and of obtaining suitable focus and intention
• Dreaming, in particular lucid dreaming in which the person retains a degree of volition and awareness, and dream journals
• Hypnosis
• Meditation
• Meditative or trance inducing dance, like Sufi whirling can also be used to induce altered state of consciousness
• Prayer
• Biofeedback and other devices that change neural activity in the brain (brainwave entrainment) by means of light, sound, or electrical impulses, including: mind machines, dreamachines, binaural beats, and cranial electrotherapy stimulation

These may be used in combination; for example traditions such as shamanism may combine ritual, fasting, and hallucinogenic substances.