Cognate Terms Concepts
The following is a list of cognate terms concepts that may be gleaned from comparative linguistic analysis of the Rigveda and Avesta. Both collections are from the period after the proposed date of separation (ca. 2nd millennium BCE) of the Proto-Indo-Iranians into their respective Indic Iranian branches.
| Indo-Iranian | Vedas term | Avestan term | Common meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| *ap | āp | āp | "water," āpas "the Waters" |
| Apam Napat, Apām Napāt | Apām Napāt | the "water's offspring" | |
| *aryaman | aryaman | airyaman | "Arya-hood" (lit:** "member of Arya community") |
| *rta | rta | asha/arta | "active truth", extending to "order" & "righteousness" |
| *athar-van- | atharvan | āϑrauuan | "priest" |
| *azi | ahi | azhi, (aži) | "dragon, snake", "serpent" |
| *daiva | deva | daeva, (daēuua) | a class of divinities |
| *manu | manu | manu | "man" |
| *mi-tra- | mitra | mithra, miϑra | "oath, covenant" |
| *asura | asura | ahura | a class of anti divinities |
| *sarvatāt | sarvatat | Hauruuatāt | "intactness", "perfection" |
| *saras-vnt-ih | Sarasvatī | Haraxvaitī (Ārəduuī Sūrā Anāhitā) | a controversial (generally considered mythological) river, a river goddess |
| *sau-ma- | soma | haoma | a plant, deified |
| *sva(h)r- | svar | hvar, xvar | the Sun, also cognate to Greek helios, Latin sol, Engl. Sun |
| *vr-tra- | Vrtra- | verethra, vərəϑra (cf. Verethragna, Vərəϑraγna) | "obstacle" |
| *yama | Yama | Yima | son of the solar deity Vivasvant/Vīuuahuuant |
| *yaj-na- | yajña | yasna, rel: yazata | "worship, sacrifice, oblation" |
Read more about this topic: Proto-Indo-Iranian Religion
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