Velar and Dental Stems
Before the *-s of the nominative singular, a velar consonant was neutralised to *-x-: *rīg- "king" > *rīxs. Likewise, final *-d became *-t-: *druwid- "druid" > *druwits.
E.g. rīxs 'king' (masculine)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *rīxs | *rīge | *rīges |
| Vocative | *rīxs | *rīge | *rīges |
| Accusative | *rīgam | *rīge | *rīgās |
| Genitive | *rīgos | *rīgou | *rīgom |
| Dative | *rīgē | *rīgobom | *rīgobos |
| Ablative | *rīgī | *rīgobim | *rīgobis |
| Instrumental | *rīge | *rīgobim | *rīgobis |
| Locative | *rīgi | *rīgobim | *rīgobis |
E.g. *druwits 'druid' (masculine)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *druwits | *druwide | *druwides |
| Vocative | *druwits | *druwide | *druwides |
| Accusative | *druwidam | *druwide | *druwidās |
| Genitive | *druwidos | *druwidou | *druwidom |
| Dative | *druwidē | *druwidobom | *druwidobos |
| Ablative | *druwidī | *druwidobim | *druwidobis |
| Instrumental | *druwide | *druwidobim | *druwidobis |
| Locative | *druwidi | *druwidobim | *druwidobis |
E.g. *karnuxs 'carnyx' (masculine?)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *karnuxs | *karnuke | *karnukes |
| Vocative | *karnuxs | *karnuke | *karnukes |
| Accusative | *karnukam | *karnuke | *karnukās |
| Genitive | *karnukos | *karnukou | *karnukom |
| Dative | *karnukē | *karnukobom | *karnukobos |
| Ablative | *karnukī | *karnukobim | *karnukobis |
| Instrumental | *karnuke | *karnukobim | *karnukobis |
| Locative | *karnuki | *karnukobim | *karnukobis |
E.g. *dants 'tooth' (masculine)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *dants | *dante | *dantes |
| Vocative | *dants | *dante | *dantes |
| Accusative | *dantam | *dante | *dantās |
| Genitive | *dantos | *dantou | *dantom |
| Dative | *dantē | *dantobom | *dantobos |
| Ablative | *dantī | *dantobim | *dantobis |
| Instrumental | *dante | *dantobim | *dantobis |
| Locative | *danti | *dantobim | *dantobis |
Read more about this topic: Proto-Celtic Language, Morphology, Nouns
Famous quotes containing the words dental and/or stems:
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