Protein Kinase A - Function - Overview Table

Overview Table

Cell type Organ/system Stimulators
ligands --> Gs-GPCRs
or PDE inhibitors		 Inhibitors
ligands --> Gi-GPCRs
or PDE stimulators		 Effects
adipocyte
  • epinephrine --> β-adrenergic receptor
  • glucagon --> Glucagon receptor
  • enhance lipolysis
    • stimulate lipase
myocyte (skeletal muscle) muscular system
  • epinephrine --> β-adrenergic receptor
  • produce glucose
    • stimulate glycogenolysis
      • phosphorylate glycogen phosphorylase via phosphorylase kinase (activating it)
      • phosphorylate Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (inhibiting it)
    • inhibit glycogenesis
      • phosphorylate glycogen synthase (inhibiting it)
    • stimulate glycolysis
      • phosphorylate phosphofructokinase 2 (stimulating it, cardiomyocytes only)
myocyte (cardiac muscle) muscular system
  • norepinephrine --> β-adrenergic receptor
  • sequester Ca2+ in sarcoplasmic reticulum
    • phosphorylates phospholamban
hepatocyte liver
  • epinephrine --> β-adrenergic receptor
  • glucagon --> Glucagon receptor
  • produce glucose
    • stimulate glycogenolysis
      • phosphorylate glycogen phosphorylase (activating it)
      • phosphorylate Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (inhibiting it)
    • inhibit glycogenesis
      • phosphorylate glycogen synthase (inhibiting it)
    • stimulate gluconeogenesis
      • phosphorylate fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase (stimulating it)
    • inhibit glycolysis
      • phosphorylate phosphofructokinase-2 (inactivating it)
      • phosphorylate fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase (stimulate it)
      • phosphorylate pyruvate kinase (inhibiting it)
neurons in nucleus accumbens nervous system dopamine --> dopamine receptor Activate reward system
principal cells in kidney kidney
  • Vasopressin --> V2 receptor
  • theophylline (PDE inhibitor)
  • exocytosis of aquaporin 2 to apical membrane.
  • synthesis of aquaporin 2
  • phosphorylation of aquaporin 2 (stimulating it)
myocyte (smooth muscle) muscular system
  • β2 adrenergic agonists --> β-2 adrenergic receptor
  • histamine --> Histamine H2 receptor
  • prostacyclin --> prostacyclin receptor
  • Prostaglandin D2 --> PGD2 receptor
  • Prostaglandin E2 --> PGE2 receptor
  • VIP --> VIP receptor
  • L-Arginine --> imidazoline and α-2 receptor? (Gi-coupled)
  • muscarinic agonists, e.g. acetylcholine --> muscarinic receptor M2
  • NPY --> NPY receptor
 Vasodilation
Thick ascending limb cell kidney Vasopressin --> V2 receptor stimulate Na-K-2Cl symporter (perhaps only minor effect)
Cortical collecting tubule cell kidney Vasopressin --> V2 receptor stimulate Epithelial sodium channel (perhaps only minor effect)
Inner medullary collecting duct cell kidney Vasopressin --> V2 receptor
  • stimulate urea transporter 1
  • urea transporter 1 exocytosis
proximal convoluted tubule cell kidney PTH --> PTH receptor 1 Inhibit NHE3 --> ↓H+ secretion
juxtaglomerular cell kidney
  • adrenergic agonists --> β-receptor
  • agonists --> A2 receptor
  • dopamine --> dopamine receptor
  • glucagon --> glucagon receptor
 renin secretion

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