Modern Persian
A preverb is a morpheme, which is applied together with the participles modifying their meaning and the meaning of their derivates.
Persian preverbs, referred to as "āndar" or "dar", are:
- bar
- bāz
- farā and hā
- farāz
- foru and hō
- ham
- negah and negāh
- pas
- piš
- ru
- sar
- var
- vā
Pre-verbs can modify the procedure attribute of the verbs and the infinitives, but they do not change their objective attribute:
.او کتابی داشت (static attribute)
U ketābi dāsht.
| 3rd- | Book.- | Have. |
.او کتابی را برداشت (dynamic attribute)
U ketabi bar dāsht.
| 3rd- | Book.- | - | Have. |
The Pre-verb is normally positioned ahead of the verb. If the verb is composed of two separable components, the pre-verb is positioned ahead of the second component. The Pre-verb can be positioned at the end of the sentence, owing to versification requirements:
از کارِ خير عزمِ تو هرگز نگشت باز
هرگز زِ راه بازنگشتهست هيچ تير
Manuchehri (11th - 12th Century AD)
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