Early Life: Buffalo Bull Facing The Wind
Plenty Coups was born into the Mountain Crow tribe in 1848 at the-cliffs-that-have-no-name (possibly near Billings, Montana), to his father Medicine-Bird and his mother Otter-woman. He was given the birth name Chíilaphuchissaaleesh, or "Buffalo Bull Facing The Wind".
At the time of his birth, the Crow nation's numbers had been decimated by smallpox from contact with white foreigners, reducing their population from between ten and fifteen thousand members down to around one- to two-thousand. Surrounding tribes took advantage of their reduced numbers and were incessantly attacking the Crows, in particular the Sioux. Additionally, all Indian nations, including the Crow, were under heavy pressure from foreigners who were exterminating bison and squeezing the various Indian nations together to compete for land and food, which created a peak of inter-tribal warfare at this time. Plenty Coups grew up facing perhaps the most difficult times his people had seen in many years, perhaps their history.
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—Bible: New Testament, Luke 8:24-25.