Formula
The acceleration gradient for a linear plasma wave is:
In this equation, is the electric field, is the speed of light in vacuum, is the mass of the electron, is the plasma density (in particles per cube metre), and is the permittivity of free space.
Read more about this topic: Plasma Acceleration
Famous quotes containing the word formula:
“The formula for achieving a successful relationship is simple: you should treat all disasters as if they were trivialities but never treat a triviality as if it were a disaster.”
—Quentin Crisp (b. 1908)
“So, if we must give a general formula applicable to all kinds of soul, we must describe it as the first actuality [entelechy] of a natural organized body.”
—Aristotle (384–323 B.C.)
“Hidden away amongst Aschenbach’s writing was a passage directly asserting that nearly all the great things that exist owe their existence to a defiant despite: it is despite grief and anguish, despite poverty, loneliness, bodily weakness, vice and passion and a thousand inhibitions, that they have come into being at all. But this was more than an observation, it was an experience, it was positively the formula of his life and his fame, the key to his work.”
—Thomas Mann (18751955)