Steps in Plant Transformation
- Propagate binary vector in E. coli
- Isolate binary vector from E.coli and engineer (introduce a foreign gene)
- Re-introduce engineered binary vector into E. coli to amplify
- Isolate engineered binary vector and introduce into Agrobacteria containing a modified (relatively small) Ti plasmid
- Infect plant tissue with engineered Agrobacteria (T-DNA containing the foreign gene gets inserted into a plant cell genome)
- In each cell T-DNA gets integrated at a different site in the genome
- Note: There are many variations to these steps. A custom DNA plasmid sequence can be created and replicated in more than one way.
Read more about this topic: Plant Transformation Vector
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“The mode of clearing and planting is to fell the trees, and burn once what will burn, then cut them up into suitable lengths, roll into heaps, and burn again; then, with a hoe, plant potatoes where you can come at the ground between the stumps and charred logs; for a first crop the ashes suffice for manure, and no hoeing being necessary the first year. In the fall, cut, roll, and burn again, and so on, till the land is cleared; and soon it is ready for grain, and to be laid down.”
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