16th Century
- Luis Barahona de Soto (1548–1595) Spanish poet admired by Cervantes
- Jan Brożek (Broscius, 1585–1652), Polish mathematician, astronomer, physician, poet, writer, musician, rector of the Kraków Academy
- Thomas Campion (1567–1620) English composer and poet
- William Gilbert (1544–1603) English natural philosopher
- Jacques Grévin (c. 1539–1570) French dramatist
- Arthur Johnston (1587–1641) Scottish poet
- Thomas Lodge (c. 1558–1625) English dramatist and writer of the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods; best remembered as the author of Rosalynde, on which Shakespeare based As You Like It
- Sebastian Petrycy of Pilzno (1554–1626) was a Polish philosopher and physician.
- Michael Servetus (1511–53), Spanish theologian, cartographer, humanist; the first European to describe pulmonary circulation; burned at the stake, for his religious views, in John Calvin's Geneva.
- Andreas Vesalius (1514–64) Belgian anatomist, author of De humani corporis fabrica
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“Nostalgia is one of the great enemies of clear thinking about the family. The disruption of families in the nineteenth century through death, separation, and other convulsions of an industrializing economy was much more catastrophic than we imagine.”
—Joseph Featherstone (20th century)