Phoenicia - Influence in The Mediterranean Region

Influence in The Mediterranean Region

Phoenician culture had a huge effect upon the cultures of the Mediterranean basin in the early Iron Age, and had also been affected in reverse. For example, in Phoenicia, the tripartite division between Baal, Mot and Yam seems to have been influenced by the Greek division between Zeus, Hades and Poseidon. Phoenician temples in various Mediterranean ports sacred to Phoenician Melkart, during the classical period, were recognized as sacred to Hercules. Stories like the Rape of Europa, and the coming of Cadmus also draw upon Phoenician influence.

The recovery of the Mediterranean economy after the late Bronze Age collapse, seems to have been largely due to the work of Phoenician traders and merchant princes, who re-established long distance trade between Egypt and Mesopotamia in the 10th century BC. The Ionian revolution was, at least in legend, led by philosophers such as Thales of Miletus or Pythagoras, both of whom had Phoenician fathers. Phoenician motifs are also present in the Orientalising period of Greek art, and Phoenicians also played a formative role in Etruscan civilisation in Tuscany.

There are many countries and cities around the world that derive their names from the Phoenician Language. Below is a list with the respective meanings:

• Altiburus: City in Algeria, SW of Carthage. From Phoenician: "Iltabrush"
• Bosa: City in Sardinia: From Phoenician "Bis'en"
• Cádiz: City in Spain: From Phoenician "Gadir"
• Dhali (Idalion): City in Central Cyprus: From Phoenician "Idyal"
• Erice: City in Sicily: From Phoenician "Eryx"
• Malta: Island in the Mediterranean: From Phoenician "Malat" ('refuge')
• Marion: City in West Cyprus: From Phoenician "Aymar"
• Oed Dekri: City in Algeria: From Phoenician: "Idiqra"
• Spain: From Phoenician: "I-Shaphan", meaning "Land of Hyraxes". Later Latinized as "Hispania"
• Carthage: City in Tunisia: From Phoenician "Qart Hadašt" meaning "New City",
• Cartagena: City in Spain (Greek Νέα Καρχηδόνα; Latin Carthago Nova; Spanish Cartagena) A colony of Carthage. Which also gave rise to Cartagena, Colombia.