Philip De Armind Curtin (May 22, 1922 – June 4, 2009) was a Professor Emeritus at Johns Hopkins University and historian on Africa and the Atlantic slave trade. His most famous work, 1969's The Atlantic Slave Trade: A Census was one of the first estimates of the number of slaves transported across the Atlantic Ocean between the 16th century and 1870, arriving at an estimate of 9,566,000 African slaves imported to the Americas. Although subsequent authors have disputed this figure; Joseph E. Inikori, for example, argues for an estimate of around 15 million, his work remains the most commonly cited. In addition, he also wrote about how many Africans were taken and from what location, how many were killed during the middle passage, how many actually arrived in the Americas, and to what colonies/countries they were imported to.
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“His breast was the seat of all those passions which degrade our nature, and disturb our reason. There they raged in a perpetual conflict; but avarice, the meanest of them all, generally triumphed, ruled absolutely, and in many instances, which I forbear to mention, most scandalously.”
—Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl Chesterfield (1694–1773)