Synthesis of Phenols
Several laboratory methods for the synthesis of phenols:
- by an ester rearrangement in the Fries rearrangement
- by a rearrangement of N-phenylhydroxylamines in the Bamberger rearrangement
- by hydrolysis of phenolic esters or ethers
- by reduction of quinones
- by replacement of an aromatic amine by an hydroxyl group with water and sodium bisulfide in the Bucherer reaction
- by hydrolysis of diazonium salts
- by oligomerisation with formaldehyde + base catalysed reaction with epichlorohydrin to epoxi resin components
- by reaction with acetone/ketones to e.g. Bisphenol A, an important monomer for resins, e.g. polycarbonate (PC), epoxi resins
- by a rearrangement reaction of dienones in the dienone phenol rearrangement :
- by the oxidation of aryl silanes—an aromatic variation of the Fleming-Tamao oxidation
- by the addition of benzene and propene in H3PO4 to form cumene then O2 is added with H2SO4 to form phenol (Hock Process)
Read more about this topic: Phenols
Famous quotes containing the words synthesis of and/or synthesis:
“Our art is the finest, the noblest, the most suggestive, for it is the synthesis of all the arts. Sculpture, painting, literature, elocution, architecture, and music are its natural tools. But while it needs all of those artistic manifestations in order to be its whole self, it asks of its priest or priestess one indispensable virtue: “faith.””
—Sarah Bernhardt (1845–1923)
“The invention of photography provided a radically new picture-making process—a process based not on synthesis but on selection. The difference was a basic one. Paintings were made—constructed from a storehouse of traditional schemes and skills and attitudes—but photographs, as the man on the street put, were taken.”
—Jean Szarkowski (b. 1925)