Petkov (Bulgarian: Петков), feminine Petkova (Bulgarian: Петкова) is a Bulgarian surname derived from the first name Petko. It may refer to:
- Dimitar Petkov (1856-1907), Bulgarian politician, Mayor of Sofia, Prime Minister, assassinated
- Dobrin Petkov, Bulgarian conductor
- Irena Petkova, a Bulgarian singer
- Ivaylo Petkov (born 1976), Bulgarian footballer
- Mariya Petkova (born 1950), a retired Bulgarian discus thrower
- Milen Petkov (born 1974), Bulgarian footballer
- Nedelya Petkova (1826–1894), a Bulgarian education pioneer
- Nikola Petkov (1893-1947), Bulgarian politician and son of Dimitar, leading anti-Communist following World War II, executed
- Ogniana Petkova (born 1964), a Bulgarian sprint canoer and 1998 Olympic bronze medallist
- Stoyan Petkov (1886–1972), since 1947 Andrey, Metropolitan of New York
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