United States
There are 52 parole boards in operation in the United States.
On the federal level and in the District of Columbia, there is no longer parole. The United States Federal Sentencing Guidelines (enacted in 1987) discontinued parole for those convicted of federal crimes for offenses committed after November 1, 1987. This truth in sentencing legislation required federal prisoners to serve 85 percent of their sentences. The United States Parole Commission remains the parole board for those who committed a federal offense before November 1, 1987, as well as those who committed a D.C. Code offense before August 5, 2000, a Uniform Code of Military Justice offense and are parole-eligible, and persons who are serving prison terms imposed by foreign countries and have been transferred to the United States to serve their sentence.
Every U.S. state also has a parole board. The autonomy of the board from the state governor also varies; in some states the boards are more powerful than in others. In some states the board is an independent agency while in others it is a body of the department of corrections.
Nine (9) states in the United States have Boards of Pardons and Paroles that exclusively grants all state pardons. Alabama (Board of Pardons and Paroles), Connecticut (Board of Pardons and Paroles), Georgia (Board of Pardons and Paroles), Idaho (Commission of Pardons and Paroles), Minnesota (Board of Pardons), Nebraska (Board of Pardons), Nevada (Board of Pardon Commissioners), South Carolina (Board of Probation, Parole and Pardon), and Utah (Board of Pardons and Paroles) are the nine (9) states in the United States with such boards.
Mississippi's state Constitution includes a unique provision that any inmate seeking a pardon from that state's Governor must publish a legal notice of their request for a pardon at least thirty (30) days before making the request in a newspaper located in or near the county where the inmate seeking the pardon was convicted and sentenced.
Determinate sentencing has also severely reduced the power of many parole boards. Often, consideration of the opinion of the victim or victims or their family is taken into account in the board's final determination (see victims' rights).
- Alabama: Alabama Board of Pardons and Paroles
- Alaska: Alaska Board of Parole
- Arizona: Arizona Board of Executive Clemency
- Arkansas: Arkansas Board of Parole
- California: California Board of Parole Hearings
- Colorado: Colorado Board of Parole
- Connecticut: Connecticut Board of Pardons and Paroles
- Delaware: Delaware Board of Parole
- Florida: Florida Parole Commission
- Georgia: Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles
- Hawaii: Hawaii Paroling Authority
- Idaho: Idaho Commission of Pardons and Parole
- Illinois: Illinois Department of Corrections Parole Division
- Indiana: Indiana Parole Board
- Iowa: Iowa Board of Parole
- Kansas: Kansas Parole Board
- Kentucky: Kentucky Parole Board
- Louisiana: separate Louisiana Board of Pardons and Louisiana Board of Parole
- Maine: Maine Parole Board
- Maryland: Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services Division of Parole and Probation
- Massachusetts: Massachusetts Parole Board
- Michigan: Michigan Parole Board
- Minnesota: Minnesota Board of Pardons
- Mississippi: Mississippi Parole Board
- Missouri: Missouri Department of Corrections, Division of Probation and Parole
- Montana: Montana Board of Pardons and Parole
- Nebraska: Board of Pardons
- Nevada: Nevada Department of Public Safety, Division of Parole and Probation
- New Hampshire: New Hampshire Adult Parole Board
- New Jersey: New Jersey State Parole Board
- New Mexico: New Mexico Parole Board
- New York: New York State Division of Parole
- North Carolina: North Carolina Post-Release Supervision and Parole Commission
- North Dakota: North Dakota Parole Board
- Ohio: Ohio Parole Board
- Oklahoma: Oklahoma Pardon and Parole Board
- Oregon: Oregon Board of Parole and Post-Prison Supervision
- Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole
- Rhode Island: Rhode Island Parole Board
- South Carolina: South Carolina Board of Paroles and Pardons
- South Dakota: South Dakota Board of Pardons and Paroles
- Tennessee: Tennessee Board of Probation and Parole
- Texas: Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles
- Utah: Utah Board of Pardons and Parole
- Vermont: Vermont Parole Board
- Virginia: Virginia Parole Board
- Washington: Washington State Indeterminate Sentence Review Board
- West Virginia: West Virginia Parole Board
- Wisconsin: Wisconsin Parole Commission
- Wyoming: Wyoming Board of Parole
Read more about this topic: Parole Board
Famous quotes related to united states:
“I thought it altogether proper that I should take a brief furlough from official duties at Washington to mingle with you here to-day as a comrade, because every President of the United States must realize that the strength of the Government, its defence in war, the army that is to muster under its banner when our Nation is assailed, is to be found here in the masses of our people.”
—Benjamin Harrison (1833–1901)
“Why doesn’t the United States take over the monarchy and unite with England? England does have important assets. Naturally the longer you wait, the more they will dwindle. At least you could use it for a summer resort instead of Maine.”
—W.H. (Wystan Hugh)
“Fortunately, the time has long passed when people liked to regard the United States as some kind of melting pot, taking men and women from every part of the world and converting them into standardized, homogenized Americans. We are, I think, much more mature and wise today. Just as we welcome a world of diversity, so we glory in an America of diversity—an America all the richer for the many different and distinctive strands of which it is woven.”
—Hubert H. Humphrey (1911–1978)
“I am colored but I offer nothing in the way of extenuating circumstances except the fact that I am the only Negro in the United States whose grandfather on the mother’s side was not an Indian chief.”
—Zora Neale Hurston (1891–1960)