Key Open Skies Provisions
Most of the existing civil agreements include:
- Free market competition:
- No restrictions on international route rights; number of designated airlines; capacity; frequencies; and types of aircraft.
- Pricing determined by market forces:
- A fare can be disallowed only if both governments concur — "double-disapproval pricing" — and only for certain, specified reasons intended to ensure competition.
- Fair and equal opportunity to compete:
- For example:
- All carriers—designated and non-designated—of both countries may establish sales offices in the other country, and convert earnings and remit them in hard currency promptly and without restrictions. Designated carriers are free to provide their own ground-handling services—i.e., "self-handling"—or choose among competing providers. Airlines and cargo consolidators may arrange ground transport of air cargo and are guaranteed access to customs services.
- User charges are non-discriminatory and based on costs; computer reservation system displays are transparent and non-discriminatory.
- For example:
- Cooperative marketing arrangements
- Designated airlines may enter into code-sharing or leasing arrangements with airlines of either country, or with those of third countries, subject to usual regulations. An optional provision authorizes code-sharing between airlines and surface transportation companies.
- Provisions for dispute settlement and consultation
- Model text includes procedures for resolving differences that arise under the agreement.
- Liberal charter arrangements
- Carriers may choose to operate under the charter regulations of either country.
- Safety and security
- Each government agrees to observe high standards of aviation safety and security, and to render assistance to the other in certain circumstances.
- Optional seventh freedom all-cargo rights
- Provide authority for an airline of one country to operate all-cargo services between the other country and a third country, via flights that are not linked to its homeland.
Read more about this topic: Open Skies
Famous quotes containing the words key, open, skies and/or provisions:
“Woe to you lawyers! For you have taken away the key of knowledge; you did not enter yourselves, and you hindered those who were entering.”
—Bible: New Testament, Luke 11:52.
“Every woman who vacates a place in the teachers’ ranks and enters an unusual line of work, does two excellent things: she makes room for someone waiting for a place and helps to open a new vocation for herself and other women.”
—Frances E. Willard (1839–1898)
“The new American finds his challenge and his love in the traffic-choked streets, skies nested in smog, choking with the acids of industry, the screech of rubber and houses leashed in against one another while the townlets wither a time and die.”
—John Steinbeck (1902–1968)
“Perhaps it is a universal truth that the loss of liberty at home is to be charged to provisions against danger, real or pretended, from abroad.”
—James Madison (1751–1836)