More Detailed Definitions
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- Tawhīd is the first article of faith in Islam. Muslims believe that God is a single, indivisible being, with none being equal or related to him. From the Muslim point of view, to divide God into three would be a form of polytheism.
- Trinitarian monotheism is the Christian doctrine of belief in one God who is three distinct "persons": God the Father, God the Son (Christ Jesus) and God the Holy Spirit (Holy Ghost). When used in this context, the word "person" is a technical term and means "something very different from what it does in common speech". In particular, the idea of self-consciousness found in contemporary usage was not at all prominent.
- Deism posits the existence of a single creator god, who has little or no continued involvement with the world. Samuel Clarke distinguished four types of deist: those who believed in a creator with no further interest in the world; those who also saw a certain providential ordering of the material universe but not in the moral and spiritual spheres; those who in addition, believed God had some moral attributes but did not believe in a future life; and those who, while rejecting revelation, accepted all the truths of natural religion.
- The term Henotheism has two distinct uses. In the context of biblical studies it normally means the exclusive worship of a tribal-national deity which does not deny the reality of patron deities of other peoples, while elsewhere it often becomes a synonym for monolatry, that is belief in or the worship of one god without denying the existence of others. Hinduism is sometimes overgeneralized to as henotheistic.
- Monism is the philosophical opinion that explains all that is in terms of a single reality and thus conflicts with any belief which distinguishes radically between different grades of being (e.g. Christianity). The type of monotheism found in Hinduism, encompassing pantheism and panentheism is monistic.
- Panentheism is a form of monistic monotheism which holds that the being of God includes and penetrates all the Universe but unlike pantheism (see below) the universe is not identical with God.
- Pantheism holds that the universe and God are identical. Philosophically, it maintains that there is only one substance which is absolute, eternal and infinite so all things, including human beings, are not independent substances but only modes or manifestations of the Absolute. The existence of a transcendent being extraneous to nature is denied.
- Substance monotheism, found in some indigenous African religions, holds that the many gods are different forms of a single underlying substance.
Read more about this topic: One True God
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