Old Norse - Relationship To Modern Scandinavian Languages

Relationship To Modern Scandinavian Languages

Development of Old Norse vowels to the modern Scandinavian languages
Proto-Germanic
origin		 Primitive
Old Norse		 Old Icelandic
(1st Grammarian)		 Modern
Icelandic		 Modern
Faroese		 Modern
Swedish		 Example
a a a a(ː) a/ɛaː a/ɑː Ic land /lant/?, Fa land /lant/ "land"; dagur Ic /daɣʏr/, Fa /tɛaːvʊɹ/ "day"
æː aː <á> aː au(ː) ɔ/ɔaː ɔ?/oː <å> láta Ic, Fa "to let"
aː (+i-mut) ɛː <æ> ɛː ai(ː) a/ɛaː ɛ/ɛː <ä> mæla Ic, Fa "to speak"
a (+i-mut) ɛ <ę> e ɛ(ː) ɛ/eː menn Ic/Fa "men"
e e
eː eː <é> eː jɛ(ː) a/ɛaː <æ>
i i i ɪ(ː) ɪ/iː ɪ/iː Ic kinn Fa kinn "chin"
iː iː <í> iː i(ː) ʊɪ(ː)
a (+u/w-mut) ɔ <ǫ> ɔ ø > œ(ː) <ö> œ/øː <ø>
aː (+u-mut) ɔː <ǫ́> ɔː aː > au(ː) <á> ɔ/ɔaː <á> Fa nátt, tá
u (+a-mut) o o ɔ(ː) ɔ/oː
oː oː <ó> oː ou(ː) œ/ɔuː ʊ/u: bók Ic /bouk/, Fa, Sw bok /buːk/ "book"
u u u ʏ(ː) ʊ/uː ɵ/ʉː?
uː uː <ú> uː u(ː) ʏ/ʉuː hús Ic /huːs/, Fa "house"
a (+i-mut +w-mut) œ <ø₂> ø ø > œ(ː) <ö> œ/øː <ø>
e (+u/w-mut) ø <ø₁>
oː (+i-mut) øː <œ> øː ɛː > ai(ː) <æ>
u (+i-mut), i (+w-mut) y y ɪ(ː) ɪ/iː ʏ/y:?
uː (+i-mut) yː <ý> yː i(ː) ʊɪ(ː)
au au au øɪ(ː) ɛ/ɛɪː ɔ/ø: Ic tvau /tvøɪː/, Fa tvey /tvɛɪː/ "two"
ai ɛi ɛi ei(ː) aɪ(ː) ?/e:
ai (+w-mut), au (+i-mut) øy øy ei(ː) ɔɪ(ː)

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