Old Norse - Relationship To Modern Scandinavian Languages

Relationship To Modern Scandinavian Languages

Development of Old Norse vowels to the modern Scandinavian languages
Proto-Germanic
origin
Primitive
Old Norse
Old Icelandic
(1st Grammarian)
Modern
Icelandic
Modern
Faroese
Modern
Swedish
Example
a a a a(ː) a/ɛaː a/ɑː Ic land /lant/?, Fa land /lant/ "land"; dagur Ic /daɣʏr/, Fa /tɛaːvʊɹ/ "day"
æː aː <á> au(ː) ɔ/ɔaː ɔ?/oː <å> láta Ic, Fa "to let"
aː (+i-mut) ɛː <æ> ɛː ai(ː) a/ɛaː ɛ/ɛː <ä> mæla Ic, Fa "to speak"
a (+i-mut) ɛ <ę> e ɛ(ː) ɛ/eː menn Ic/Fa "men"
e e
eː <é> jɛ(ː) a/ɛaː <æ>
i i i ɪ(ː) ɪ/iː ɪ/iː Ic kinn Fa kinn "chin"
iː <í> i(ː) ʊɪ(ː)
a (+u/w-mut) ɔ <ǫ> ɔ ø > œ(ː) <ö> œ/øː <ø>
aː (+u-mut) ɔː <ǫ́> ɔː aː > au(ː) <á> ɔ/ɔaː <á> Fa nátt,
u (+a-mut) o o ɔ(ː) ɔ/oː
oː <ó> ou(ː) œ/ɔuː ʊ/u: bók Ic /bouk/, Fa, Sw bok /buːk/ "book"
u u u ʏ(ː) ʊ/uː ɵ/ʉː?
uː <ú> u(ː) ʏ/ʉuː hús Ic /huːs/, Fa "house"
a (+i-mut +w-mut) œ <ø₂> ø ø > œ(ː) <ö> œ/øː <ø>
e (+u/w-mut) ø <ø₁>
oː (+i-mut) øː <œ> øː ɛː > ai(ː) <æ>
u (+i-mut), i (+w-mut) y y ɪ(ː) ɪ/iː ʏ/y:?
uː (+i-mut) yː <ý> i(ː) ʊɪ(ː)
au au au øɪ(ː) ɛ/ɛɪː ɔ/ø: Ic tvau /tvøɪː/, Fa tvey /tvɛɪː/ "two"
ai ɛi ɛi ei(ː) aɪ(ː) ?/e:
ai (+w-mut), au (+i-mut) øy øy ei(ː) ɔɪ(ː)

Read more about this topic:  Old Norse

Famous quotes containing the words relationship to, relationship, modern and/or languages:

    ... the Wall became a magnet for citizens of every generation, class, race, and relationship to the war perhaps because it is the only great public monument that allows the anesthetized holes in the heart to fill with a truly national grief.
    Adrienne Rich (b. 1929)

    It would be a fallacy to deduce that the slow writer necessarily comes up with superior work. There seems to be scant relationship between prolificness and quality.
    Fannie Hurst (1889–1968)

    The modern mind is in complete disarray. Knowledge has streched itself to the point where neither the world nor our intelligence can find any foot-hold. It is a fact that we are suffering from nihilism.
    Albert Camus (1913–1960)

    It is time for dead languages to be quiet.
    Natalie Clifford Barney (1876–1972)