Old Church Slavonic Grammar - Verbs - Participles - Past Passive Participle

The past passive participle is formed by suffixing to the infinitive stem the following endings:

1. Verbs with stem ending in a consonant, -y or -i:

• infinitive stem + en + ъ/a/o

(e.g., bosti (bod-) > bodenъ, bodena, bodeno)

(e.g., nositi (nosi-) > nošenъ, nošena, nošeno - by iotation from nosi + enъ > nosjenъ > nošenъ)

(e.g., umyti with interfix -ъv- > umъvenъ, umъvena, umъveno)

2. Verbs with stem ending in -a or -ě:

• infinitive stem + n + ъ/a/o

(e.g., glagolati (glagola-) > glagolanъ, glagolana, glagolano)

(e.g., viděti (vidě-) > vižden, viždena, viždeno - by iotation from viděn, viděna, viděno)

3. Verbs with stem ending in -ę, -u, -i and -ě (obtained by liquid metathesis):

• infinitive stem + t + ъ/a/o

(e.g., klęti (klę-) > klętъ, klęta, klęto)

(e.g., obuti (obu-) > obutъ, obuta, obuto)

(e.g., mrěti (mrě-) > mrětъ, mrěta, mrěto)

(e.g., viti (vi-) > vitъ, vita, vito)

Of the latter verbs, those with stem ending in -i (viti, biti etc.) can also form the past passive participle like the verbs in the first group: bitъ or bijenъ, vitъ or vijenъ etc.).