Water Use in Nuclear Power Production
Once-through cooling systems, while once common, have come under attack for the possibility of damage to the environment. Wildlife can become trapped inside the cooling systems and killed, and the increased water temperature of the returning water can impact local ecosystems. US EPA regulations favors recirculating systems, even forcing some older power plants to replace existing once-through cooling systems with new recirculating systems.
A 2008 study by the Associated Press found that of the 104 nuclear reactors in the U.S., "... 24 are in areas experiencing the most severe levels of drought. All but two are built on the shores of lakes and rivers and rely on submerged intake pipes to draw billions of gallons of water for use in cooling and condensing steam after it has turned the plants’ turbines," much like all Rankine cycle power plants. During the 2008 southeast drought, reactor output was reduced to lower operating power or forced to shut down for safety.
The Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station is located in a desert and purchases reclaimed wastewater for cooling.
Read more about this topic: Nuclear Technology In The United States
Famous quotes containing the words water, nuclear, power and/or production:
“‘Tis not enough on roots and in the mouth,
But give me water heavy on the head
In all the passion of a broken drouth.”
—Robert Frost (1874–1963)
“American universities are organized on the principle of the nuclear rather than the extended family. Graduate students are grimly trained to be technicians rather than connoisseurs. The old German style of universal scholarship has gone.”
—Camille Paglia (b. 1947)
“Great is Truth, and mighty above all things.”
—Apocrypha. 1 Esdras, 4:41.
Acclamation following the speech of the bodyguard of King Darius, who proclaimed the power of truth, “the strength, kingdom, power, and majesty of all ages.”
“The production of too many useful things results in too many useless people.”
—Karl Marx (1818–1883)