Authorship and Ratification
The treaty was co-authored by environmentalist Henry Wood Elliott and United States Secretary of State John Hay in 1905, although the treaty was not ratified for another six years. The treaty was signed at Washington, D.C. on July 7, 1911, with ratifications by each signatory on the following dates:
- United States: Ratification advised by the Senate on July 24, 1911, and ratified by President William Howard Taft on November 24, 1911
- Great Britain: August 25, 1911
- Russia: October 22 / November 4, 1911
- Japan: November 6, 1911
Ratifications were then exchanged at Washington on December 12, 1911, and the treaty was proclaimed two days later on December 14.
Read more about this topic: North Pacific Fur Seal Convention Of 1911
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