Regulation
In most plants, activation of nif genes transcription is done by the nitrogen sensitive NifA protein. When there isn't enough fixed nitrogen factor for available for the plant's use, NtrC which is a RNApolymerase triggers NifA's expression, and NifA activates the rest of the nif genes transcription. If there is a sufficient amount of reduced nitrogen or oxygen is present, another protein is activated – NifL, and NifL inhibits NifA activity resulting in the inhibition of nitrogenase forming. NifL is regulated by glnD and glnK gene products. The nif genes can be found on bacteria's chromosomes, but a lot of the times they are found on bacteria's plasmids with other genes related to nitrogen fixation (such as the nod genes).
Read more about this topic: Nif Gene
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