Nakajima (中島?) is a Japanese name. It is also sometimes romanized as Nakashima and sometimes written as 中嶋. It may refer to:
- Places
- Nakashima District, Aichi, former district in Japan, now part of Inazawa, Aichi.
- Nakajima, Ehime, former town in Japan
- Nakajima, Fukushima, a village in Japan
- Nakajima, Ishikawa, former town in Japan
- People
- Aline Nakashima (born 1982), Brazilian model
- Arisa Nakajima (中島 安里紗, born 1989), Japanese professional wrestler
- Chikuhei Nakajima (中島 知久平 1884–1949), Japanese aviation pioneer, founder of the Nakajima Aircraft Company
- Chris Nakashima-Brown, American science fiction author
- Daisuke Nakajima (中島 大祐, born 1989), Japanese British Formula 3 driver, younger brother of Kazuki Nakajima
- George Nakashima (中島勝寿 Nakashima Katsutoshi, 1905–1990), Japanese-American woodworker, architect, and furniture maker
- Haruo Nakajima (中島 春雄, 1929) Japanese actor, first person to portray Godzilla
- Hiraku Nakajima (中島 啓, born 1962), Japanese mathematician, 2003 Cole Prize winner
- Kazuki Nakajima (中嶋 一貴, born 1985), Japanese Formula One driver, older brother of Daisuke Nakajima
- Makoto Nakajima (中嶋 誠, born 1952), former commissioner of the Japan Patent Office
- Megumi Nakajima (中島 愛, born 1989), Japanese voice actress and singer
- Mika Nakashima (中島 美嘉, born 1983), Japanese singer, model, and actress
- Miyuki Nakajima (中島 みゆき, born 1952), Japanese singer, composer, lyricist and radio personality
- Rita Nakashima Brock, Ph.D., a feminist theologian, one of the presenters in the Re-Imagining: Christian feminist conference
- Sadao Nakajima (中島貞夫, born 1934), Japanese film director
- Saki Nakajima (voice actress) (中島 沙樹, born 1978), Japanese voice actress
- Saki Nakajima (singer) (中島 早貴, born 1994), J-pop singer in the Hello! Project group °C-ute
- Satoru Nakajima (中嶋 悟, born 1953), Japanese Formula One driver and father of Kazuki Nakajima
- Yu Nakajima (中島 悠, born 1991), Japanese Rubik's Cube solver
- Yumi Nakashima (中島優美, born 1979), Japanese vocalist, guitarist and singer-songwriter
- Yuto Nakajima (中島 裕翔, born 1993), J-pop singer, actor and dancer in the group Hey! Say! JUMP
- Fictional characters
- Characters from the "Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha" anime series:
- Ginga Nakajima
- Subaru Nakajima
- "Numbers" combat cyborg characters from the "Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha Strikers" season:
- Cinque Nakajima
- Dieci Nakajima
- Nove Nakajima
- Wendi Nakajima
- Several characters from the Strike Witches manga/anime media franchise
- Other
- Nakajima Aircraft Company, a prominent Japanese aircraft manufacturer throughout World War II
- Nakajima USA, a plush toy company