Spain
Attitudes toward film censorship in Spain are unusual due to the adverse effect of dictatorship and heavy censorship until 1975 under General Francisco Franco. Therefore, most Spanish citizens are against censorship of any kind and prefer personal responsibility and liberalism, thus very few people show serious respect for certification of films. For example, cinemas in Spain never ask for identification.
- APTA – Suitable for all audiences
- Especialmente Recomendada para la Infancia – Especially suitable for small children
- 7 – Suitable for audiences 7 and older
- 12 – Suitable for audiences 12 and older
- 16 – Suitable for audiences 16 and older
- 18 – Suitable for audiences 18 and older
- Película X – Pornographic movie, violence apology
Films with the Película X rating are only allowed in eight theaters in Spain. In 2009, Saw VI was the first film to be classified "Película X" solely for its violent content. Buena Vista, the distributor, unsuccessfully appealed the decision. The film achieved wider release in October 2010, after edits were made to achieve an "18" rating.
Read more about this topic: Motion Picture Rating System
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“last time I saw you was the hospital
pale skull protruding under ashen skin
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the war in Spain has ended long ago
Aunt Rose”
—Allen Ginsberg (b. 1926)
“Heroic ages are not and never were sentimental and those daring conquistadores who conquered entire worlds for their Spain or Portugal received lamentably little thanks from their kings.”
—Stefan Zweig (18811942)