Morgenthau may refer to:
- Hans Joachim Morgenthau (1904 - 1980), German-born international relations theorist
- Henry Morgenthau, Sr. (1856 - 1946), diplomat and businessman
- Henry Morgenthau, Jr. (1891 – 1967), United States Secretary of the Treasury and proponent of the Morgenthau Plan
- Robert Morris Morgenthau (born 1919), Former District Attorney for New York County