Mohammed II may refer to:
- Muhammad II of Córdoba (fl. 852–866), fourth Caliph of Cordoba, of the Umayyad dynasty in the Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia)
- Muhammad II of Aghlabids (d. 875), eighth Emir of the Aghlabids in Ifriqiya (864–875)
- Mehmed II of Kerman, see List of Seljuk rulers of Kerman (1041–1187)
- Mahmud II of Great Seljuk (died 1131), proclaimed himself the Seljuk sultan of Baghdad
- Muhammad II of Khwarezm, ruler of the Khwarezmid Empire from 1200 to 1220
- Mehmed II "the Conqueror" (1432–1481), Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
- Mohamed II of the Maldives, Sultan of Maldives from 1467 to 1481
- Muhammad II ibn al-Husayn (1811–1859), eleventh leader of the Husainid Dynasty and ruler of Tunisia