String Mode Examples
For example, the following command would be used to add the read and write permissions to the user and group classes of a file or directory named sample:
$ chmod ug+rw sample $ ls -ld sample drw-rw---- 2 unixguy unixguy 96 Dec 8 12:53 sampleThis command removes all permissions, allowing no one to read, write, or execute the file named sample.
$ chmod a-rwx sample $ ls -l sample ---------- 2 unixguy unixguy 96 Dec 8 12:53 sampleThe following command changes the permissions for the user and the group to read and execute only (no write permission) on sample.
Sample file permissions before command $ ls -ld sample drw-rw---- 2 unixguy unixguy 96 Dec 8 12:53 sample $ chmod ug=rx sample $ ls -ld sample dr-xr-x--- 2 unixguy unixguy 96 Dec 8 12:53 sampleRead more about this topic: Modes (Unix)
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—Philip Larkin (1922–1986)
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—Bernard Mandeville (1670–1733)