Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms of mitral stenosis include:
- Heart failure symptoms, such as dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)
- Palpitations
- Chest pain
- Hemoptysis
- Thromboembolism in later stages when the left atrial volume is increased (i.e. dilation). The latter leads to increase risk of atrial fibrillation of which increases the risk of blood stasis (motionless). This increases the risk of coagulation.
- Ascites and edema and hepatomegaly (if right-sided heart failure develops)
Symptoms increase with exercise and pregnancy
- Fatigue
- wasting (weakness)
Read more about this topic: Mitral Stenosis
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