Terminology
The Greek term πρεσβυτερος, used in the New Testament as a designation for the leaders of the Early Church (e.g. Acts 11.30), has three different reflexes in English: elder, presbyter and priest. Priest is the oldest, a borrowing into Old English via Latin, elder (first attested 1526) is a translation of the underlying meaning of the Greek word, and presbyter (1597) is learned correction of the loan-word. However, the semantics of priest are complicated by the fact that it is traditionally used also as the translation of a different New Testament Greek word, ιερός, which refers to those who perform sacrificial rites in the Jerusalem temple and in pagan temples, but also appears as a title for Jesus (Heb 7.26). Consequently the word priest was rejected by the reformed and puritan traditions as a term for Christian leadership, as part of the more general rejection of sacrificial elements in the Catholic understanding of the mass. Elder and presbyter remain theoretically as synonyms in Church of Scotland usage, but in practice presbyter is often reserved for those elders who are members of Presbytery, one of the higher courts of the Church.
Minister comes from a Latin word meaning servant, and is also used in the Church as a verb: to minister to the needs of God's people.
Read more about this topic: Ministers And Elders In The Church Of Scotland