Restraint Related Deaths
Whilst not the only reason to justify the limitation of restraint techniques, restraint related deaths can inform us about extreme uses of methods. This is analogous to air accident investigators examining rare accidents to help reduce their likelihood of re-occurring in the future. A survey in the US in 1998 reported an estimated 150 restraint related deaths in care environments (Weiss, 1998). Low frequency fatalities appear to occur with some degree of regularity. Nunno, Holden & Tollar, (2006) investigated 45 restraint related deaths in US childcare settings. 28 of these deaths were reported to have occurred in the prone position. In the UK restraint related deaths would appear to be reported less often. It is unknown what the true levels of restraint related deaths are. However, two prominent deaths in the UK have further focussed the debate. David ‘Rocky Bennett’ was an adult black male experiencing extreme distress in a secure psychiatric facility in the UK. He was restrained for over 20 minutes in the prone position and died. See Positional asphyxia
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