Metrodorus (Greek: Μητρόδωρος, Mētrodōros, "mother's gift") is the name of numerous historical figures, including:
- Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the elder) (5th century BC), philosopher from the school of Anaxagoras
- Metrodorus of Cos (5th century BC), Pythagorean writer
- Metrodorus of Chios (4th century BC), philosopher from the school of Democritus
- Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the younger) (331–278 BC), Epicurean philosopher
- Metrodorus of Athens (mid 2nd century BC), philosopher and painter
- Metrodorus of Stratonicea (late 2nd century BC), philosopher, originally Epicurean, later a follower of Carneades
- Metrodorus of Scepsis (c. 145 BCE – 70 BCE), writer, orator and politician
- Metrodorus (grammarian) (c. 6th-century), grammarian and mathematician, who collected the mathematical epigrams in the Greek Anthology
- Metrodorus (4th century BC)- physician who married Aristotle's daughter Pythias
- Metrodorus (late 3rd, early 2nd century BC)- general in the employ of Philip V of Macedon during the Cretan War
- Metrodorus (late 1st, early 2nd century AD)- pupil of the physician Sabinus