M
- Maxilla, Maxillary: the upper jaw, or pertaining thereto
- Maxillae, Maxillaries: the hindmost bones of the upper jaw; preceded by the premaxillaries
- Median, medially: pertaining to the middle
- Median fins: fins located on the median line of the fish; the dorsal, anal and caudal fins
- Mediolateral: between the middle and the sides
- Mesocoracoid: a bone of the pectoral arch or shoulder girdle
- Mesopelagic: refers to the region of the open ocean between 200 m and 1000 m in depth
- Mesopelagic fishes: fishes that live in the mesopelagic zone
- Midwater: the middle stratum of water, well below the surface and well above the seabed. See also mesopelagic.
- Midwater fishes: fishes that live in the midwater
- Molars: blunt and rounded grinding teeth
- Morphology: form and structure of an organism
- Muciferous: producing or containing mucous or slime
- Myotomes: blocks of lateral trunk muscles
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