B
- Barbel: an elongated fleshy projection, usually about the head
- Basal: pertaining to the base, at the base
- Base: the part of a projection, (commonly a fin), which is connected to the body
- Bathypelagic: living at a depth between 1000 m and 4000 m, but well off the bottom
- Benthic: bottom-dwelling, living on the sea bed
- Benthopelagic: pertaining to fishes that swim just above the seabed at depths below about 200 m (the edge of the continental shelf)
- Bicuspid: having two cusps or points
- Bifid: cleft in two
- Bifurcate: forked, or divided into two parts or branches
- Branchial: pertaining to the gills
- Branchial aperture: the gill opening
- Branchiostegals, Branchiostegal ray(s): bony rays supporting the gill membranes behind the lower jaw
- Bristle: a stiff hair-like projection
- Buckler: a bony shield
- Bycatch: species other than the target species that are caught incidentally in a trawl
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