Marine Outfall - Examples

Examples

Submarine outfalls exist, existed or have been considered - among many others - in the following locations:

Africa

  • Casablanca (Morocco).

Asia

  • Manila Bay (Philippines).
  • Mumbai (India).

Australia

  • Sydney.

Europe

  • Barcelona, Spain
  • Costa do Estoril (Portugal),
  • the Marmara Sea near Istanbul (Turkey),
  • San Sebastián (Spain),
  • Split (Croatia),
  • the Thames Estuary downstream of London (UK), and
  • Edinburgh, Scotland.

North America

  • Honolulu (USA),
  • the New York Bight (USA),
  • the Southern California Bight (USA), and
  • Victoria, British Columbia, (Canada).

Latin America and the Caribbean

  • Cartagena, Colombia,
  • Ipanema beach from Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). This outfall, built in 1975, discharges untreated wastewater through a pipe with a diameter of 2.4m and a length of 4,775m at a depth of 27m.
  • Sosua (Dominican Republic).

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