Margulis is a surname that, like its variants shown below, is derived from the Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation of the Hebrew word מרגליות (Israeli Hebrew ), meaning 'pearls,' and may refer to:
- Berl Broder (born Margulis), Broder singer
- Dan Margulis, author
- Grigory Margulis (born 1946), mathematician
- Margulis lemma
- Jura Margulis, pianist and pedagogue
- Lynn Margulis, biologist
- Margulis, a villain from the game series Xenosaga