Manuel de Codage - List of Gardiner's Fundamental Uniliteral Hieroglyphs and Their Transliteration

List of Gardiner's Fundamental Uniliteral Hieroglyphs and Their Transliteration

Hieroglyph Hieratic Transliteration MdC Pronunciation
3 A Perhaps a glottal stop like Arabic "alif", often written as "a"
i i Often written as "a" or "i"
y y y
ˤ a Perhaps like Arabic "ayin", written as "a"
w w "oo","u" or "w"
w W Used instead of the above in later times
b b b
p p p
f f f
m m m
m M Used instead of the above in later times
n n n
n N Used instead of the above in later times
r r r, l
l
l l l
h h h
ḥ H Like Semitic "het", written "h"
ḫ x Like German or Scottish "ch", written "kh"
ẖ X Like German or Scottish "ch", written "kh"
s,z z s
s,z s s
š S sh
ḳ q q,k
k k k
g g g
t t t
ṯ T "tch", from Middle Egyptian on: t
d d d
ḏ D "dj", from Middle Egyptian on: d; also written as "z"

The MdC specifies a method for electronically encoding complete ancient Egyptian texts, indicating many of the features characterizing hieroglyphic writing such as the placement, orientation, colour, and even size of individual hieroglyphs. Hieroglyphs not included in the list of fundamentals are referred to by their Gardiner number. This system is used (though frequently with modifications) by various software packages developed for typesetting hieroglyphic texts (such as SignWriter, WinGlyph, MacScribe, InScribe, Glyphotext, WikiHiero, and others). It is loosely based on the common representation of algebraic formulae. Some of the rules are:

  • the "-"-sign concatenates the signs or group of signs between which it is placed.
  • the ":"-sign places the first sign or group of signs above the second sign
  • the "*"-sign juxtaposes two signs or groups of signs
  • the rounded brackets "( )" form a compact grouping of signs arranged according to the other rules, which is treated as if it were a single sign
  • the "< >"-brackets mark cartouches
  • the "!"-sign marks an end of line
  • the "!!"-sign marks an end of page

Read more about this topic:  Manuel De Codage

Famous quotes containing the words list of, list, fundamental and/or hieroglyphs:

    “Feminism is an entire world view or gestalt, not just a laundry list of women’s issues.”
    —Charlotte Bunch (b. 1944)

    “All is possible,
    Who so list believe;
    Trust therefore first, and after preve,
    As men wed ladies by license and leave,
    All is possible.”
    —Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503?–1542)

    “When we walk the streets at night in safety, it does not strike us that this might be otherwise. This habit of feeling safe has become second nature, and we do not reflect on just how this is due solely to the working of special institutions. Commonplace thinking often has the impression that force holds the state together, but in fact its only bond is the fundamental sense of order which everybody possesses.”
    —Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831)

    “The feet of the rats
    scribble on the doorsills;
    the hieroglyphs of the rat footprints
    chatter the pedigrees of the rats”
    —Alfred Tennyson (1809–1892)