Man-portable air-defense systems (MANPADS or MPADS) are shoulder-launched surface-to-air missiles (SAMs). They are typically guided weapons and are a threat to low-flying aircraft, especially helicopters.
Read more about Man-portable Air-defense Systems: Overview, Notable Uses Against Military Aircraft, Notable Uses Against Civilian Aircraft, Countermeasures, Missile Models
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“Before anything else, we need a new age of Enlightenment. Our present political systems must relinquish their claims on truth, justice and freedom and have to replace them with the search for truth, justice, freedom and reason.”
—Friedrich Dürrenmatt (1921–1990)