Due to infective agents
- Whipple's disease
- Intestinal tuberculosis
- HIV related malabsorption
- Tropical sprue
- traveller's diarrhoea
- Parasites e.g. Giardia lamblia, fish tape worm (B12 malabsorption); roundworm, hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus)
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Due to structural defects
- Blind loops
- Inflammatory bowel diseases commonly in Crohn's Disease
- Fistulae, diverticulae and strictures
- Infiltrative conditions such as amyloidosis, lymphoma, Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
- Radiation enteritis
- Systemic sclerosis and collagen vascular diseases
- Short bowel syndrome
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Due to surgical structural changes
- Gastrectomy; Vagotomy
- Bariatric surgery (Weight loss surgery)
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Due to mucosal abnormality
- Coeliac disease
- Cows' milk intolerance
- Soya milk intolerance
- Fructose malabsorption
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Due to enzyme deficiencies
- Lactase deficiency inducing lactose intolerance (constitutional, secondary or rarely congenital)
- Sucrose intolerance
- Intestinal disaccharidase deficiency
- Intestinal enteropeptidase deficiency
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Due to digestive failure
- Pancreatic insufficiencies:
- cystic fibrosis
- chronic pancreatitis
- carcinoma of pancreas
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
- Bile salt malabsorption
- terminal ileal disease
- obstructive jaundice
- bacterial overgrowth
- primary bile acid diarrhea
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Due to other systemic diseases affecting GI tract
- Coeliac disease
- Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
- Addison's disease
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hyperparathyroidism and Hypoparathyroidism
- Carcinoid syndrome
- Malnutrition
- Fiber Deficiency
- Abeta-lipoproteinaemia
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