Demography
| Year whoa | Municipality | Community | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1897 | 542,739 | 730,807 | 74.27 |
| 1900 | 575,675 | 773,011 | 74.47 |
| 1910 | 614,322 | 831,254 | 73.90 |
| 1920 | 823,711 | 1,048,908 | 78.53 |
| 1930 | 1,041,767 | 1,290,445 | 80.73 |
| 1940 | 1,322,835 | 1,574,134 | 84.04 |
| 1950 | 1,553,338 | 1,823,418 | 85.19 |
| 1960 | 2,177,123 | 2,510,217 | 86.73 |
| 1970 | 3,120,941 | 3,761,348 | 82.97 |
| 1981 | 3,158,818 | 4,686,895 | 67.40 |
| 1991 | 3,010,492 | 4,647,555 | 64.78 |
| 2001 | 2,938,723 | 5,423,384 | 54.19 |
| 2009 | 3,255,944 | 6,386,932 | 50.98 |
| 2010 | 3,273,049 | 6,458,684 | 50.68 |
| 2011 | 3,265,038 | 6,489,680 | 50.31 |
The population of Madrid generally increased from when the city became the national capital in the mid-16th century and stabilised at about 3 million from the 1970s.
From around 1970 until the mid 1990s, the city's population dropped. This phenomenon, which also affected other European cities, was caused in part by the growth of satellite suburbs at the expense of the downtown. Another reason might have been the slowdown in the rate of growth of the European economy.
The demographic boom accelerated in the late 1990s and early first decade of the 21st century due to international immigration, in response to a surge in Spanish economic growth. According to census data, the population of the city grew by 271,856 between 2001 and 2005.
As the capital city of Spain, the city has attracted many immigrants from around the world. About 83.8% of the inhabitants are Spaniards, while people of other origins, including immigrants from Latin America, Europe, Asia, North Africa and West Africa, represented 16.2% of the population in 2007.
The ten largest immigrant groups include: Ecuadorian: 104,184, Romanian: 52,875, Bolivian: 44,044, Colombian: 35,971, Peruvian: 35,083, Chinese: 34,666, Moroccan: 32,498, Dominican: 19,602, Brazilian: 14,583, and Paraguayan: 14,308. There are also important communities of Filipinos, Equatorial Guineans, Bulgarians, Indians, Italians, Argentines, Senegalese and Poles.
Districts that host the largest number of immigrants are Usera (28.37%), Centro (26.87%), Carabanchel (22.72%) and Tetuán (21.54%). Districts that host the smallest number are Fuencarral-El Pardo (9.27%), Retiro (9.64%) and Chamartín (11.74%).
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