Lusus - Mythology

Mythology

Presently it is thought that the mythological character Lusus derives from a mistranslation of the expression lusum enin Liberi patris ("from lusus father Liber derives"), in Pliny's Naturalis Historia. The mistake would have been in the interpretation of the word lusum or lusus as a proper name, instead of a simple common name that means game.

In a translation of Pliny: "M. Varro informs us, that... the name "Lusitania " is derived from the games (lusus) of Father Bacchus, or the fury (lyssa) of his frantic attendants, and that Pan was the governor of the whole of it. But the traditions respecting Hercules and Pyrene, as well as Saturn, I conceive to be fabulous in the highest degree.'"

This would have been read by André de Resende as "the name "Lusitania" derives from Lusus of Father (master or father) Bacchus", and therefore was interpreted that Lusus would be a companion or son of the furious god. It is this interpretation that is seen in the strophe 22 of Canto III of The Lusiads of Luís Vaz de Camões.

"This was the Lusitania, which was derived

From Lusus, or Lisa, from Bacchus ancient

Children where it looks, or then companions,

And in it by then the first inhabitants."

The mistranslation became a real and plausible myth because according to Roman mythology, Bacchus would have been the conqueror of the region. Plutarch, according to the 12th Book of the Iberica of Spanish author Sóstenes, says that (notice that this theory is today completely descredited):

"After Bacchus conquered Iberia, left Pan to rule in his place, and it was him that gave his own name to the country, calling it Pania, that by corruption turned into Hispania."

The Greek expression lyssa may mean "frenetic fury" or "madness", typical of Bacchus/Dionysus. Though, these etymologies seem little trustworthy.