Logical Volume Manager (Linux) - Implementation

Implementation

LVM keeps a metadata header at the start of every physical volume, each of which is uniquely identified by a UUID. Each PV's header is a complete copy of the entire volume group's layout, including the UUIDs of all other PVs, the UUIDs of all logical volumes and an allocation map of PEs to LEs. This simplifies data recovery in the event of PV loss.

In the 2.6-series of the Linux Kernel, the LVM is implemented in terms of the device mapper, a simple block-level scheme for creating virtual block devices and mapping their contents onto other block devices. This minimizes the amount of relatively hard-to-debug kernel code needed to implement the LVM. It also allows its I/O redirection services to be shared with other volume managers (such as EVMS). Any LVM-specific code is pushed out into its user-space tools, which merely manipulate these mappings and reconstruct their state from on-disk metadata upon each invocation.

To bring a volume group online, the "vgchange" tool:

1. Searches for PVs in all available block devices.
2. Parses the metadata header in each PV found.
3. Computes the layouts of all visible volume groups.
4. Loops over each logical volume in the volume group to be brought online and:
   1. Checks if the logical volume to be brought online has all its PVs visible.
   2. Creates a new, empty device mapping.
   3. Maps it (with the "linear" target) onto the data areas of the PVs the logical volume belongs to.

To move an online logical volume between PVs on the same Volume Group, use the "pvmove" tool:

1. Creates a new, empty device mapping for the destination.
2. Applies the "mirror" target to the original and destination maps. The kernel will start the mirror in "degraded" mode and begin copying data from the original to the destination to bring it into sync.
3. Replaces the original mapping with the destination when the mirror comes into sync, then destroys the original.

These device mapper operations take place transparently, without applications or filesystems being aware that their underlying storage is moving.