Mechanical Load Testing
The purpose of a mechanical load test is to verify that all the component parts of a structure including materials, base-fixings are fit for task and loading it is designed for.
The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulation 1992 UK state that load testing is undertaken before the equipment is put into service for the first time.
Load testing can be either Performance,Static or Dynamic.
Performance testing applies a safe working load (SWL), or other specified load, for a designated time in a governing test method, specification, or contract.
Static testing is when a load at a factor above the SWL is applied. The item is not operated through all configurations as it is not a requirement of this test.
Dynamic testing is when a load at a factor above the SWL is applied. The item is then operated fully through all configurations and motions. Care must be taken during this test as there is a great risk of catastrophic failure if incorrectly carried out.
The design criteria, relevant legislation or the Competent Person will dictate what test is required.
Under the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 UK load testing after the initial test is required if a major component is replaced, if the item is moved from one location to another or as dictated by the Competent Person
The loads required for a test are stipulated by the item under test, but here are a few to be aware off. Powered lifting equipment Static test to 1.25 SWL and dynamic test to 1.1 SWL. Manual lifting equipment Static test to 1.5 SWL
For lifting accessories. 2 SWL for items up to 30 tonne capacity. 1.5 SWL for items above 30 tonne capacity. 1 SWL for items above 100 tonnes.
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