List of Works Designed With The Golden Ratio - Greece

Greece

The Acropolis of Athens (468–430 BC), including the Parthenon, according to some studies, has many proportions that approximate the golden ratio. Other scholars question whether the golden ratio was known to or used by Greek artists and architects as a principle of aesthetic proportion. Building the Acropolis is calculated to have been started around 600 BC, but the works said to exhibit the golden ratio proportions were created from 468 BC to 430 BC.

The Parthenon (447–432 BC), was a temple built on the Acropolis in the 5th century BC for the Greek goddess Athena. It is the most important surviving building of Classical Greece. The Parthenon's facade as well as elements of its facade and elsewhere can be circumscribed by a progression of golden rectangles. Some more recent studies dispute the view that the golden ratio was employed in the design.

The Greek sculptor Phidias (c. 480–c. 430 BC) used the divine proportion in some of his sculptures, according to Hemenway. He created Athena Parthenos in Athens and Statue of Zeus (one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World) in the Temple of Zeus at Olympia. He is believed to have been in charge of other Parthenon sculptures, although they may have been executed by his alumni or peers. Many art historians conclude that Phidias made meticulous use of the golden ratio in proportioning his sculptures. For this reason, in the early 20th century, American mathematician Mark Barr proposed using the Greek letter phi (φ), the first letter of Phidias's name, to denote the golden ratio.

According to Lothar Haselberger, the temple of Apollo in Didyma (c. 334 BC), designed by Daphnis of Mileto and Paionios of Efesus, has golden proportions.