Below is a list of Vietnamese monarchs. Some declared themselves kings (vua/vương) or emperors (hoàng đế). Because Vietnam was a titular tributary state to China, many monarchs sought investiture by the Chinese Court; some did not have this approval (Hồ Dynasty) and others did not care to gain the Chinese investiture at all. Many of the Later Lê monarchs were nominal rulers, with the real powers resting on lords who were theoretically loyal to them. Most Vietnamese monarchs are known through their temple names, while the Nguyễn Dynasty is known through their era names.
Read more about List Of Vietnamese Monarchs: Hồng Bàng Dynasty - Văn Lang, Division, Reunification
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“Do your children view themselves as successes or failures? Are they being encouraged to be inquisitive or passive? Are they afraid to challenge authority and to question assumptions? Do they feel comfortable adapting to change? Are they easily discouraged if they cannot arrive at a solution to a problem? The answers to those questions will give you a better appraisal of their education than any list of courses, grades, or test scores.”
—Lawrence Kutner (20th century)
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