Below is a list of Vietnamese monarchs. Some declared themselves kings (vua/vương) or emperors (hoàng đế). Because Vietnam was a titular tributary state to China, many monarchs sought investiture by the Chinese Court; some did not have this approval (Hồ Dynasty) and others did not care to gain the Chinese investiture at all. Many of the Later Lê monarchs were nominal rulers, with the real powers resting on lords who were theoretically loyal to them. Most Vietnamese monarchs are known through their temple names, while the Nguyễn Dynasty is known through their era names.
Read more about List Of Vietnamese Monarchs: Hồng Bàng Dynasty - Văn Lang, Division, Reunification
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—Rutherford Birchard Hayes (1822–1893)
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—Mary Matalin, U.S. Republican political advisor, author, and James Carville b. 1946, U.S. Democratic political advisor, author. All’s Fair: Love, War, and Running for President, epigraph (from a Vietnamese battle cry)
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—Herman Melville (1819–1891)