Europe
- Abkhazia - Mikheil, Prince of Abkhazia (1822–1864)
- Belgium
- Monarch - Léopold I, King of the Belgians (1831–1865)
- Cabinet Chief - Jean Baptiste, Baron Nothomb, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1841–1845)
- Denmark
- Monarch - Christian VIII, King of Denmark (1839–1848)
- Prime Minister - Poul Christian Stemann, Minister of State of Denmark (1842–1848)
- France -
- Monarch - Louis Philippe, King of the French (1830–1848)
- Prime Minister - Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult, duc de Dalmatie, Prime Minister of France (1840–1847)
- German Confederation
- Austria - Ferdinand I, Emperor of Austria (1835–1848)
- Chancellor - Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, Chancellor of Austria (1821–1848)
- Prussia -
- Monarch - Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia (1840–1861)
- Chief Minister - Ludwig Gustav von Thile, Chief Minister of Prussia (1841–1848)
- Bavaria -
- Monarch - Ludwig I, King of Bavaria (1825–1848)
- Prime Minister - Karl von Abel, Prime Minister of Bavaria (1837–1847)
- Saxony - Frederick Augustus, King of Saxony (1836–1854)
- Hanover - Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover (1837–1851)
- Württemberg - William, King of Württemberg (1816–1864)
- Baden - Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden (1830–1852)
- Electorate of Hesse - William II, Elector of Hesse (1821–1847)
- Grand Ducal Hesse - Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse (1830–1848)
- Holstein - Christian VIII, Duke of Holstein (1839–1848)
- Luxembourg - William II, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1840–1849)
- Brunswick - William, Duke of Brunswick (1831–1884)
- Mecklenburg-Schwerin - Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1842–1883)
- Nassau - Adolf, Duke of Nassau (1839–1866)
- Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach - Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1828–1853)
- Saxe-Coburg and Gotha -
- Ernest I (1826–1844)
- Ernest II (1844–1893)
- Saxe-Meiningen - Bernard II (1803–1866)
- Saxe-Altenburg - Joseph (1834–1848)
- Mecklenburg-Strelitz - George, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1816–1860)
- Oldenburg - Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1829–1853)
- Anhalt-Dessau - Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau (1817–1871)
- Anhalt-Bernburg - Alexander Charles, Duke of Anhalt-Bernburg (1834–1863)
- Anhalt-Köthen - Henry, Duke of Anhalt-Köthen (1830–1847)
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen - Günther Friedrich Karl II, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1835–1880)
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt - Friedrich Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1807–1867)
- Hohenzollern-Hechingen - Constantine, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1838–1849)
- Liechtenstein - Aloys II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1836–1858)
- Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen - Charles, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1831–1848)
- Waldeck (state) - George II, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1813–1845)
- Reuss Elder Line - Henry XX, Prince of Reuss Elder Line (1836–1859)
- Reuss Younger Line - Henry LXII, Prince of Reuss Younger Line (1818–1854)
- Schaumburg-Lippe - George William, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe (1807–1860)
- Lippe - Leopold II, Prince of Lippe (1802–1851)
- Lauenburg - Christian VIII, Duke of Lauenburg (1839–1848)
- Lübeck - Christian Kindler, Bernhard Frister, Thomas Wunderlich, and Christian von Evers, joint mayors of Lübeck
- Frankfurt - Gottfried Scharff, Senior Mayor of Frankfurt (1844)
- Bremen - Simon Nonnen, Johann Smidt, Johann Noltenius, and Michael Duntze, joint mayors of Bremen
- Hamburg - Johann Bartels, Christian Benecke, Heinrich Kellinghusen, and Johann Dammert, joint mayors of Hamburg
- Austria - Ferdinand I, Emperor of Austria (1835–1848)
- Greece -
- Monarch - Otto, King of Greece (1832–1862)
- Prime Minister -
- Andreas Metaxas, Prime Minister of Greece (1843–1844)
- Konstantinos Kanaris, Prime Minister of Greece (1844)
- Alexandros Mavrokordatos, Prime Minister of Greece (1844)
- Ioannis Kolettis, Prime Minister of Greece (1844–1847)
- Hungary - Ferdinand V, King of Hungary (1835–1848)
- Lucca - Charles Louis, Duke of Lucca (1824–1847)
- Modena - Francis IV, Duke of Modena and Reggio (1814–1846)
- Netherlands - William II, King of the Netherlands (1840–1849)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
- Monarch - Abd-ul-Mejid I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1839–1861)
- Grand Vizier - Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1842–1846)
- Papal States - Pope Gregory XVI, Bishop of Rome (1831–1846)
- Parma - Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla (1814–1847)
- Portugal - Maria II, Queen of Portugal (1826–1828, 1834–1853)
- Russia - Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia (1825–1855)
- Sardinia - Charles Albert, King of Sardinia (1831–1849)
- Spain - Isabella II, Queen of Spain (1833–1868)
- Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway -
- Charles XIV John, King of Sweden (1818–1844)
- Oscar I, King of Sweden (1844–1859)
- Tuscany - Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1824–1859)
- Two Sicilies - Ferdinand II, King of the Two Sicilies (1830–1859)
- United Kingdom
- Monarch - Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1837–1901)
- Prime Minister - Sir Robert Peel, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1834–1835, 1841–1846)
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 1844
Famous quotes containing the word europe:
“Well then! Wagner was a revolutionary—he fled the Germans.... As an artist one has no home in Europe outside Paris: the délicatesse in all five artistic senses that is presupposed by Wagner’s art, the fingers for nuances, the psychological morbidity are found only in Paris. Nowhere else is this passion in questions of form to be found, this seriousness in mise en scène—which is Parisian seriousness par excellence.”
—Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900)
“The Afrocentric exploration of the black past only scratches the surface. A full examination of the ancestry of those who are referred to in the newspapers as blacks and African Americans must include Europe and Native America.”
—Ishmael Reed (b. 1938)
“In Europe an actor is an artist. In Hollywood, if he isn’t working, he’s a bum.”
—Anthony Quinn (b. 1915)
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