Europe
- Andorra – Coprinces:
- Bishop of Urgell –
- Temporarily vacant (1779–1780)
- Joan de García y Montenegro, Bishop of Urgell (1780–1783)
- Louis XVI, King of France (1774–1792)
- Bishop of Urgell –
- Denmark–Norway
- Monarch – Christian VII, King of Denmark (1766–1808)
- Prime Minister – Ove Høegh-Guldberg, Minister of State of Denmark (1772–1784)
- France – Louis XVI, King of France (1774–1792)
- Great Britain –
- Monarch – George III, King of Great Britain (1760–1820)
- Prime Minister – Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford, Prime Minister of Great Britain (1770–1782)
- Holy Roman Empire – Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (1765–1790)
- Anhalt-Bernburg - Friedrich Albrecht, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg (1765–1796)
- Anhalt-Dessau - Leopold III, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1751–1817)
- Anhalt-Köthen - Karl Georg Leberecht, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen (1755–1789)
- Anhalt-Zerbst – Friedrich August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1747–1793)
- Arenberg - Louis Engelbert, Duke of Arenberg (1778–1803)
- Auersperg – Heinrich Joseph Johann, Prince of Auersperg (1713–1783)
- Augsburg - Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony, Prince-Bishop of Augsburg (1768–1803)
- Austria – Maria Theresia, Archduchess of Austria (1740–1780)
- Baden – Karl Friedrich, Margrave of Baden (1738–1811)
- Bamberg - Franz Ludwig von Erthal, Prince-Bishop of Bamberg (1779–1795)
- Basel - Ludwig von Wangen-Geroldseck, Prince-Bishop of Basel (1775–1783)
- Bavaria - Karl Theodor, Elector of Bavaria (1777–1799)
- Berchtesgaden -
- Franz Anton Joseph von Hausen-Gleichenstorff, Prince-Provost of Berchtesgaden (1768–1780)
- Joseph Konrad von Schroffen-Mös, Prince-Provost of Berchtesgaden (1780–1803)
- Bohemia – Maria Theresa, Queen of Bohemia (1740–1780)
- Brandenburg – Friedrich II of Prussia, Elector of Brandenburg (1740–1786)
- Brandenburg-Ansbach - Charles Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1757–1791)
- Brixen - Joseph Philipp von Spaur, Prince-Bishop of Brixen (1779–1791)
- Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
- Karl I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1735–1780)
- Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1780–1806)
- Chur - Franz Dionysius von Rost, Prince-Bishop of Brixen (1777–1794)
- Cologne - Maximilian Friedrich von Königsegg-Rothenfels, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne (1761–1784)
- Constance - Maximilian Christoph von Rodt, Prince-Bishop of Constance (1775–1800)
- Corvey - Theodor von Brabeck, Prince-Abbot of Corvey (1776–1794)
- Eichstätt - Raimondo Antonio di Strasoldo, Prince-Bishop of Eichstätt (1757–1781)
- Ellwangen - Anton Ignaz Joseph von Fugger-Glött, Prince-Provost of Ellwangen (1756–1787)
- Freising - Ludwig Joseph von Welden, Prince-Bishop of Freising (1769–1788)
- Fulda - Heinrich VIII von Biera, Prince-Bishop of Fulda (1759–1788)
- Hanover – Georg III, Elector of Hanover (1760–1814/1820)
- Hesse-Darmstadt - Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1768–1790)
- Hesse-Kassel - Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (1760–1785)
- Hildesheim - Friedrich Wilhelm von Westfalen, Prince-Bishop of Hildesheim (1763–1789)
- Hohenzollern-Hechingen - Joseph William Franz, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1750–1798)
- Holstein-Glückstadt - Christian VII, Duke of Holstein-Glückstadt (1766–1808)
- Liège - Franz Karl von Welsbruck, Prince-Bishop of Liège (1772–1784)
- Mainz - Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal, Archbishop-Elector of Mainz (1774–1802)
- Holstein-Gottorp-Oldenburg - Frederick Augustus I, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp-Oldenburg (1773–1785)
- Kempten - Honorius Roth von Schreckenstein, Prince-Abbot of Kempten (1760–1785)
- Lübeck, Prince-Bishopric - Frederick Augustus of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck (1750–1785)
- Mecklenburg-Schwerin - Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1756–1785)
- Mecklenburg-Strelitz - Adolphus Frederick IV, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1752–1794)
- Münster - Maximilian Friedrich von Königsegg-Rothenfels, Prince-Bishop of Münster (1761–1784)
- Nassau-Orange - William V, Prince of Nassau-Orange (1751–1806)
- Nomény - Joseph II, Prince of Nomény (1765–1790)
- Order of St. John - Franz Christoph Benedict von Reinach, Grand Prior of Heitersheim in the Order of St. John (1777–1796)
- Osnabrück - Frederick Augustus of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück (1764–1802)
- Paderborn - Wilhelm Anton von der Asseburg, Prince-Bishop of Paderborn (1763–1782)
- Electorate of the Palatinate – Karl IV Theodor, Elector Palatine (1742–1799)
- Palatinate-Zweibrücken - Charles II August, Duke of Zweibrücken (1775–1795)
- Passau - Leopold Ernst Joseph von Firmian, Prince-Bishop of Passau (1763–1783)
- Regensburg - Anton Ignaz Joseph von Fugger-Glött, Prince-Bishop of Regensburg (1769–1787)
- Salm-Kyrburg - Frederick III, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg (1779–1794)
- Salm-Salm - Constantine Alexander, Prince of Salm-Salm (1778–1813)
- Salzburg - Hieronymus von Colloredo, Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg (1771–1803)
- Savoy - Victor Amadeus III, Duke of Savoy (1773–1796)
- Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld - Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1764–1800)
- Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg - Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1772–1804)
- Saxe-Hildburghausen –
- Ernest Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1745–1780)
- Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826)
- Saxe-Meiningen - Charles William, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (1763–1782)
- Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach - Charles Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1758–1828)
- Saxony – Friedrich August III, Elector of Saxony (1763–1806/1827)
- Schwarzenberg - Joseph Adam, Prince of Schwarzenberg (1732–1782)
- Speyer - Damian August Philipp von Limburg-Vehlen-Styrum, Prince-Bishop of Speyer (1770–1797)
- Stavelot-Malmedy - Jacques de Hubin, Prince-Abbot of Stavelot-Malmedy (1766–1786)
- Strasbourg - Louis René de Rohan-Guemené, Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg (1779–1801)
- Teutonic Order -
- Charles Alexander of Lorraine, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order (1761–1780)
- Maximilian Francis of Austria, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order (1780–1801)
- Thurn und Taxis - Karl Anselm, Prince of Thurn und Taxis (1773–1805)
- Trent - Emmanuel Maria Peter Vigilius von Thun-Hohenstein, Prince-Bishop of Trent (1776–1800)
- Trier - Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony, Archbishop-Elector of Trier (1768–1802)
- West Pomerania - Gustavus III, Duke of West Pomerania (1771–1792)
- Worms - Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal, Prince-Bishop of Worms (1774–1801)
- Württemberg – Karl Eugen, Duke of Württemberg (1737–1793)
- Würzburg - Franz Ludwig von Erthal, Prince-Bishop of Würzburg (1779–1795)
- Hungary - Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary (1740–1780)
- Ireland – George III, King of Ireland (1760–1820)
- Modena -
- Francesco III, Duke of Modena and Reggio (1737–1780)
- Ercole III, Duke of Modena and Reggio (1780–1796)
- Naples - Ferdinand IV, King of Naples (1759–1798)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
- Sultan of the Ottoman Empire – Abd-ul-Hamid I, (1774–1789)
- Grand Vizier – Silahdar Seyyid Mehmed Pasha (1779–1781)
- Papal States - Pope Pius VI, Bishop of Rome (1775–1799)
- Parma - Ferdinand, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (1765–1802)
- Poland – Stanisław August Poniatowski, King of Poland (1764–1795)
- Portugal – Maria I Francisca, Queen of Portugal (1777–1816)
- Prussia – Frederick II King of Prussia (1740–1786)
- Russia – Catherine II, Tsaritsa of Russia (1762–1796)
- Sardinia - Victor Amadeus III, King of Sardinia (1773–1796)
- Sicily - Ferdinand III, King of Sicily (1759–1816)
- Spain – Charles III, King of Spain (1759–1788)
- Sweden – Absolutism
- Monarch – Gustav III, King of Sweden (1771–1792)
- Tuscany – Peter Leopold I, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1765–1790)
- United Provinces –
- Estates of Friesland, Groningen (province), Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
- Stadtholder – William V, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Friesland, Groningen (province), Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1751–1795)
- Holland – Grand Pensionary Pieter van Bleiswijk of Holland (1772–1787)
- Venice – Paolo Renier, Doge of Venice (1779–1789)
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 1780
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—Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945)
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