List of State Leaders in 1639 - Europe

Europe

  • Denmark-Norway - Christian IV, King of Denmark and King of Norway(1588–1648)
  • England - Charles I, King of England (1625–1649)
  • France - Louis XIII, King of France (1610–1643)
  • Holy Roman Empire - Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (1637–1657)
    • Bremen, Prince-Archbishopric -
      1. Frederick II (later Frederick III of Denmark), Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1635–1645)
      2. Archduke Leopold William of Austria, rivalling Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1635–1645)
    • Halberstadt, Prince-Bishopric - Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt (1628–1648)
    • Magdeburg, Prince-Archbishopric - Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels, Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Magdeburg (1638–1680)
    • Olomouc, Prince-Bishopric - Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Olomouc (1637–1662)
    • Passau, Prince-Bishopric - Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Passau (1625–1662)
    • Strasbourg, Prince-Bishopric - Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg (1626–1662)
    • Verden, Prince-Bishopric - Frederick II (later Frederick III of Denmark), Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden (1623–1629 and again 1635–1644)
  • Moldavia - Vasile Lupu, Voivode of Moldavia (1634–1653).
  • Ottoman ( Turkish ) Empire Murat IV, Ottoman Sultan (1623–1640)
  • Papal States - Urban VIII, Bishop of Rome (1623–1644).
  • Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Ladislaus IV, King of Poland (1632–1648).
  • Portugal - Philip III, King of Portugal (1621–1640)
  • Republic of Venice - Francesco Erizzo, Doge of Venice (1631–1646).
  • Russia - Michael I, Tsar of Russia (1613–1645)
  • Scotland - Charles I, King of England (1625–1649)
  • Spain - Philip IV, King of Spain (1621–1665)
  • Sweden - Christina, Queen of Sweden (1632–1654).
  • United Provinces
    • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
    • Stadtholder - Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Gelre, Holland, Utrecht and Zeeland(1625–1647).
      • Hendrik Casimir I, Stadtholder of Friesland and Groningen(1632–1640).
      • Holland - Grand Pensionary Jacob Cats (1629–1631, 1636–1651)
  • Wallachia - Matei Basarab, Voivode of Wallachia (1632–1654).

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Famous quotes containing the word europe:

    “The Afrocentric exploration of the black past only scratches the surface. A full examination of the ancestry of those who are referred to in the newspapers as blacks and African Americans must include Europe and Native America.”
    —Ishmael Reed (b. 1938)

    “Is not our role to stand for the one thing which means our own salvation here but with which it will also be possible to save the world, and with which Europe will be able to save itself, namely the preservation of the white man and his state?”
    —Hendrik Verwoerd (1901–1966)

    “I thought ten thousand swords must have leaped from their scabbards to avenge even a look that threatened her with insult. But the age of chivalry is gone. That of sophisters, economists and calculators has succeeded; and the glory of Europe is extinguished forever.”
    —Edmund Burke (1729–1797)