List of State Leaders in 1639 - Europe

Europe

  • Denmark-Norway - Christian IV, King of Denmark and King of Norway(1588–1648)
  • England - Charles I, King of England (1625–1649)
  • France - Louis XIII, King of France (1610–1643)
  • Holy Roman Empire - Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (1637–1657)
    • Bremen, Prince-Archbishopric -
      1. Frederick II (later Frederick III of Denmark), Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1635–1645)
      2. Archduke Leopold William of Austria, rivalling Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1635–1645)
    • Halberstadt, Prince-Bishopric - Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt (1628–1648)
    • Magdeburg, Prince-Archbishopric - Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels, Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Magdeburg (1638–1680)
    • Olomouc, Prince-Bishopric - Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Olomouc (1637–1662)
    • Passau, Prince-Bishopric - Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Passau (1625–1662)
    • Strasbourg, Prince-Bishopric - Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg (1626–1662)
    • Verden, Prince-Bishopric - Frederick II (later Frederick III of Denmark), Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden (1623–1629 and again 1635–1644)
  • Moldavia - Vasile Lupu, Voivode of Moldavia (1634–1653).
  • Ottoman ( Turkish ) Empire Murat IV, Ottoman Sultan (1623–1640)
  • Papal States - Urban VIII, Bishop of Rome (1623–1644).
  • Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Ladislaus IV, King of Poland (1632–1648).
  • Portugal - Philip III, King of Portugal (1621–1640)
  • Republic of Venice - Francesco Erizzo, Doge of Venice (1631–1646).
  • Russia - Michael I, Tsar of Russia (1613–1645)
  • Scotland - Charles I, King of England (1625–1649)
  • Spain - Philip IV, King of Spain (1621–1665)
  • Sweden - Christina, Queen of Sweden (1632–1654).
  • United Provinces
    • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
    • Stadtholder - Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Gelre, Holland, Utrecht and Zeeland(1625–1647).
      • Hendrik Casimir I, Stadtholder of Friesland and Groningen(1632–1640).
      • Holland - Grand Pensionary Jacob Cats (1629–1631, 1636–1651)
  • Wallachia - Matei Basarab, Voivode of Wallachia (1632–1654).

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Famous quotes containing the word europe:

    “Positively I sit here, and look at Europe sink, first one deck disappearing, then another, and the whole ship slowly plunging bow-down into the abyss; until the nightmare gets to be howling. The Roman Empire was a trifle to it.”
    —Henry Brooks Adams (1838–1918)

    “In America the cohesion was a matter of choice and will. But in Europe it was organic.”
    —D.H. (David Herbert)

    “Of one thing I can assure you with comparative certainty, whoever wins, Europe will be economically ruined. This war is America’s great opportunity.”
    —John Dos Passos (1896–1970)