Africa
- Benin Empire - Ohuan, Oba of Benin, (1602–1656)
- Dahomey - Dakodonou, King of Dahomey (1620–1645)
- Dendi Kingdom - Askia Dawud I, King of the Dendi Kingdom (1618–1639)
- Ethiopia - Susenyos, Emperor of Ethiopia (1606–1632)
- Garo - Magela, Bosha dynasty King of Garo (1600–1630)
- Kingdom of Jolof - Birayma Penda, King of Jolof (1605–1649)
- Kongo - Pedro II, King of Kongo (1622–1624)
- Lunda - Cibind Yirung, King of Lunda (c.1600–c.1630)
- Matamba - Mwongo Matamba, Queen of Matamba (c.1600–1631)
- Merina Kingdom - Andrianjaka, King of Merina (1612–1630)
- Mutapa -
- Gatsi Rusere, King of Mutapa (1589–1623)
- Nyambu Kapararidze, King of Mutapa (1623–1629)
- Ndongo - Ngola Nzinga Mbandi, King of Ndongo (1617–1624)
- Sennar - Rabat I, Sultan of Sennar (1616–1644)
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 1623