Europe
- Kingdom of Aragon - Alfonso V (1416–1458)
- Kingdom of Bohemia - Ladislaus Pohrobek (1453–1457)
- Kingdom of Bosnia - Stephen Thomas (1443–1461)
- Duchy of Burgundy - Philip III, the Good (1419–1467)
- Byzantine Empire - Constantine XI Palaeologus (1449–1453)
- Crown of Castile - John II (1406–1454)
- Crimean Khanate - Hacı I Giray (1449–1466)
- Kingdom of Cyprus - John II (1432–1458)
- Kingdom of Denmark - Christian I (1448–1481)
- Kingdom of England - Henry VI (1422–1461 and 1470–1471)
- Despotate of Epirus - Leonardo III Tocco (1448–1479)
- Marquisate of Ferrara - Borso d'Este (1450–1471)
- Republic of Florence - Cosimo de' Medici (1434–1464)
- Kingdom of France - Charles VII (1422–1461)
- Republic of Genoa - Pietro Fregoso, Doge of Genoa (1450–1458)
- Holy Roman Empire - Frederick III (1452–1493)
- Kingdom of Hungary - Ladislaus V (1440–1457)
- Grand Duchy of Lithuania - Casimir IV Jagiellon (1440–1492)
- Marquisate of Mantua - Ludovico II Gonzaga (1444–1478)
- Duchy of Milan - Francesco I Sforza (1450–1466)
- Duchy of Modena and Reggio - Borso d'Este (1452–1471)
- Principality of Moldavia - Alexăndrel (1452–1454, 1455)
- Marquisate of Montferrat - John IV (1445–1464)
- Despotate of Morea - Demetrios Palaiologos (1449–1460) and Thomas Palaiologos (1428–1460)
- Grand Duchy of Moscow - Vasily II (1425–1462)
- Kingdom of Naples - Alfonso I (1442–1458)
- Kingdom of Navarre - John II the Great (1425–1479)
- Kingdom of Norway - Christian I (1450–1481)
- Novgorod Republic - Vasily Vasil'evich (1425–1462)
- Ottoman Empire - Mehmet II, the Conqueror, Ottoman Sultan (1451–1481)
- Papal States - Pope Nicholas V (1447–1455)
- Lordship of Piombino - Emanuele Appiani (1451–1457)
- Kingdom of Poland - Casimir IV Jagiellon (1440–1492)
- Kingdom of Portugal - Afonso V (1438–1481)
- Qasim Khanate - Qasim Khan (1452–1468)
- Knights of Rhodes - Grand Master Jean de Lastic (1437–1454)
- Marquisate of Saluzzo - Ludovico I (1416–1475)
- Kingdom of Sardinia - Alfonso I (1416–1458)
- Duchy of Savoy - Louis I (1440–1465)
- Kingdom of Scotland - James II (1437–1460)
- Serbian Despotate - Đurađ Branković (1427–1456)
- Kingdom of Sicily - Alfonso I (1416–1458)
- Kingdom of Sweden - Karl Knutsson (1448–1470)
- State of the Teutonic Order - Grand Master Ludwig von Erlichshausen (1450–1467)
- Duchy of Urbino - Federico da Montefeltro (1444–1482)
- Republic of Venice - Francesco Foscari, Doge of Venice (1423–1457)
- Principality of Wallachia - Vladislav II (1447–1456)
- Lordship of Zeta - Stefan I Crnojević (1451–1465)
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 1453
Famous quotes containing the word europe:
“In Europe life is histrionic and dramatized, and ... in America, except when it is trying to be European, it is direct and sincere.”
—William Dean Howells (1837–1920)
“...I think the Americans are the only people who have good beds. I consider the American bedroom unparalleled for freshness, comfort, and cleanliness. It is worth going all over Europe in order to come home to one’s own bed.”
—M. E. W. Sherwood (1826–1903)
“All the terrors of the French Republic, which held Austria in awe, were unable to command her diplomacy. But Napoleon sent to Vienna M. de Narbonne, one of the old noblesse, with the morals, manners, and name of that interest, saying, that it was indispensable to send to the old aristocracy of Europe men of the same connection, which, in fact, constitutes a sort of free- masonry. M. de Narbonne, in less than a fortnight, penetrated all the secrets of the imperial cabinet.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)