List of Solar System Probes - Earth Flybys

Earth Flybys

See also: Timeline of Earth science satellites

These are probes that incidentally performed Earth flybys during missions to other bodies, often as part of gravity-assist orbital manoeuvres. Earth-orbiting craft are not listed.

Spacecraft Organization Date Type Status Notes Image Ref
Giotto
(first pass)		 ESA 2 July 1990 flyby success first Earth flyby, en route to Comet Grigg-Skjellerup
Galileo
(first pass)		 NASA 8 December 1990 flyby success gravity assist en route to Jupiter; minimum distance 960 km {ref>http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/mission/journey-cruise.html
Sakigake
(first pass)		 ISAS 8 January 1992 flyby previously visited Halley's comet
Suisei ISAS 20 August 1992 flyby failure previously visited Halley's comet; hydrazine depleted, further planned comet flybys abandoned {ref>http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1985-073A
Galileo
(second pass)		 NASA 8 December 1992 flyby success gravity assist en route to Jupiter; minimum distance 305 km
Sakigake
(second and third passes)		 ISAS 14 June 1993 flyby
28 October 1994 flyby out of fuel; telemetry contact lost November 1995
NEAR Shoemaker NASA 23 January 1998 flyby success gravity assist en route to Eros; closest approach 540 km
Nozomi
(first pass)		 ISAS 20 December 1998 flyby partial success gravity assist on planned mission to Mars; valve malfunction during flyby required extra burn, which later forced alternate trajectory plan
Giotto
(second pass)		 ESA 1 July 1999 flyby n/a already defunct
Cassini NASA/
ESA/
ASI		 August, 1999 flyby success gravity assist en route to Saturn
Stardust
(first pass)		 NASA 15 January 2001 flyby success gravity assist en route to comet 81P/Wild
Nozomi
(second pass)		 ISAS December, 2002 flyby success gravity assist en route to Mars
Nozomi
(third pass)		 ISAS 19 June 2003 flyby success gravity assist en route to Mars
Hayabusa ISAS 19 May 2004 flyby success en route to Itokawa
Rosetta
(first pass)		 ESA 4 March 2005 flyby success gravity assist en route to asteroid and comet encounters
MESSENGER NASA 2 August 2005 flyby success en route to Venus and Mercury
Stardust
(second pass)		 NASA 15 January 2006 flyby success drop-off of sample return capsule
Rosetta
(second pass)		 ESA 13 November 2007 flyby success gravity assist en route to asteroid and comet encounters
Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (first pass) NASA 31 December 2007 flyby success previously visited Comet 9P/Tempel; gravity assist en route to encounter with Comet 103P/Hartley
Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (second pass) NASA December 2008 flyby success gravity assist
Stardust
(third pass)		 NASA 14 January 2009 flyby success mission extension to Comet 9P/Tempel; minimum distance 9200 km
Rosetta
(third pass)		 ESA 13 November 2009 flyby success gravity assist en route to asteroid and comet encounters
Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (third pass) NASA June 2009 distant flyby success
Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (fourth pass) NASA December 2009 distant flyby success
Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (fifth pass) NASA June 2010 flyby success
Juno NASA 17–18 October 2013 flyby en route Gravity assist en route to Jupiter

Read more about this topic:  List Of Solar System Probes

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