Earth Flybys
See also: Timeline of Earth science satellitesThese are probes that incidentally performed Earth flybys during missions to other bodies, often as part of gravity-assist orbital manoeuvres. Earth-orbiting craft are not listed.
| Spacecraft | Organization | Date | Type | Status | Notes | Image | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Giotto (first pass) |
ESA | 2 July 1990 | flyby | success | first Earth flyby, en route to Comet Grigg-Skjellerup | |||
| Galileo (first pass) |
NASA | 8 December 1990 | flyby | success | gravity assist en route to Jupiter; minimum distance 960 km | {ref>http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/mission/journey-cruise.html | ||
| Sakigake (first pass) |
ISAS | 8 January 1992 | flyby | previously visited Halley's comet | ||||
| Suisei | ISAS | 20 August 1992 | flyby | failure | previously visited Halley's comet; hydrazine depleted, further planned comet flybys abandoned | {ref>http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1985-073A | ||
| Galileo (second pass) |
NASA | 8 December 1992 | flyby | success | gravity assist en route to Jupiter; minimum distance 305 km | |||
| Sakigake (second and third passes) |
ISAS | 14 June 1993 | flyby | |||||
| 28 October 1994 | flyby | out of fuel; telemetry contact lost November 1995 | ||||||
| NEAR Shoemaker | NASA | 23 January 1998 | flyby | success | gravity assist en route to Eros; closest approach 540 km | |||
| Nozomi (first pass) |
ISAS | 20 December 1998 | flyby | partial success | gravity assist on planned mission to Mars; valve malfunction during flyby required extra burn, which later forced alternate trajectory plan | |||
| Giotto (second pass) |
ESA | 1 July 1999 | flyby | n/a | already defunct | |||
| Cassini | NASA/ ESA/ ASI |
August, 1999 | flyby | success | gravity assist en route to Saturn | |||
| Stardust (first pass) |
NASA | 15 January 2001 | flyby | success | gravity assist en route to comet 81P/Wild | |||
| Nozomi (second pass) |
ISAS | December, 2002 | flyby | success | gravity assist en route to Mars | |||
| Nozomi (third pass) |
ISAS | 19 June 2003 | flyby | success | gravity assist en route to Mars | |||
| Hayabusa | ISAS | 19 May 2004 | flyby | success | en route to Itokawa | |||
| Rosetta (first pass) |
ESA | 4 March 2005 | flyby | success | gravity assist en route to asteroid and comet encounters | |||
| MESSENGER | NASA | 2 August 2005 | flyby | success | en route to Venus and Mercury | |||
| Stardust (second pass) |
NASA | 15 January 2006 | flyby | success | drop-off of sample return capsule | |||
| Rosetta (second pass) |
ESA | 13 November 2007 | flyby | success | gravity assist en route to asteroid and comet encounters | |||
| Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (first pass) | NASA | 31 December 2007 | flyby | success | previously visited Comet 9P/Tempel; gravity assist en route to encounter with Comet 103P/Hartley | |||
| Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (second pass) | NASA | December 2008 | flyby | success | gravity assist | |||
| Stardust (third pass) |
NASA | 14 January 2009 | flyby | success | mission extension to Comet 9P/Tempel; minimum distance 9200 km | |||
| Rosetta (third pass) |
ESA | 13 November 2009 | flyby | success | gravity assist en route to asteroid and comet encounters | |||
| Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (third pass) | NASA | June 2009 | distant flyby | success | ||||
| Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (fourth pass) | NASA | December 2009 | distant flyby | success | ||||
| Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (fifth pass) | NASA | June 2010 | flyby | success | ||||
| Juno | NASA | 17–18 October 2013 | flyby | en route | Gravity assist en route to Jupiter | |||
Read more about this topic: List Of Solar System Probes
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