TABLE I: Regiments Attested in The Reign of Hadrian
To access the table of auxiliary regiments for the province of your interest, click on the relevant note.
- Britannia (England/Wales) Britannia
- Germania Inferior (S Netherlands/NW Rhineland) Germania Inf
- Germania Superior (S Rheinland/Alsace-Lorraine) Germania Sup
- Raetia/Noricum (Germany S of Danube/Switzerland/Austria) Raetia
- Pannonia Sup & Inf (W Hungary/Slovenia) Pannonia
- Moesia Superior (Serbia) f
- Moesia Inferior (N Bulgaria, coastal Romania) Moesia Inf
- Dacia (Romania) Dacia
- Cappadocia (Central/East Turkey) Cappadocia
- Syria inc Judaea, Arabia (Syria, Lebanon, Palestine/Israel, Jordan) Syria
- Aegyptus (Egypt) Egypt
- Mauretania inc Africa Pro (Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco) Mauretania
- Other provinces m
KEY:
c.R. = civium Romanorum ("of Roman citizens"): an honorific title
eq = equitata (i.e. contains a cavalry contingent)
sagitt = sagittariorum (archer unit)
unit in bold type = milliaria (double-strength) regiment
^Britannia
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agrippina Miniata I Hispanorum Asturum II Asturum Augusta Gallorum Petriana c.R. Augusta Gallorum Proculeiana Picentiana Gallorum II Gallorum Sebosiana Gallorum et Thracum classiana I Pannoniorum Sabiniana I Pannoniorum Tampiana I Thracum I Tungrorum Hispanorum Vettonum Augusta Vocontiorum |
I Aquitanorum II Asturum eq IV Breucorum I Augusta Bracarum III Bracaraugustanorum I Baetasiorum c.R. I Batavorum eq I Celtiberorum I Aelia classica I Ulpia Cugernorum c.R. I Aelia Dacorum I Delmatarum II Delmatarum IV Delmatarum I Frisiavonum |
II Gallorum veterana eq IV Gallorum eq V Gallorum VI Gallorum I Hispanorum eq I Aelia Hispanorum eq I Lingonum eq II Lingonum eq III Lingonum eq IV Lingonum eq I Menapiorum I Morinorum I nauticarum I Augusta Nerviana Germanorum eq I Nerviorum II Nerviorum |
III Nerviorum IV Nerviorum II Pannoniorum V Raetorum I Sunucorum I Thracum II Thracum veterana VII Thracum I Tungrorum II Tungrorum c.L. eq I Vangionum eq I Vardulorum c.R. eq II Vasconum c.R. I Hamiorum sagitt |
^Germania Inf
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|
| Afrorum veterana Longiniana Gallorum Gallorum et Thracum classiana Moesica felix I Noricorum c.R. Sulpicia c.R. I Thracum |
II Asturum III Breucorum VI Breucorum VI Brittonum I civium Romanorum eq II civium Romanorum eq I classica II Hispanorum I Flavia Hispanorum eq |
VI ingenuorum c.R. I Latobicorum et Varcianorum I Lucensium I Pannoniorum et Delmatarum eq I Raetorum eq c.R. VI Raetorum IV Thracum eq II Varcianorum eq XV voluntariorum c.R. |
^Germania Sup
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gallorum Indiana I Scubulorum |
I Aquitanorum veterana III Aquitanorum eq c.R. IV Aquitanorum eq c.R. I Asturum equitata eq I Biturigum Augusta Cyrenaica eq II Augusta Cyrenaica I Flavia Damascenorum III Delmatarum eq V Delmatarum I Germanorum c.R. |
I Helvetiorum II Hispanorum eq Ituraeorum c.R. I Ligurum et Hispanorum c.R. II Raetorum c.R. VII Raetorum eq IV Vindelicorum XXIV voluntariorum c.R. XXVI voluntariorum c.R. XXX voluntariorum c.R. XXXII voluntariorum c.R. |
^Raetia
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|
| I Hispanorum Auriana I Commagenorum II Flavia I Flavia gemina c.R. I Flavia singularium |
II Aquitanorum eq c.R. I Asturum II Batavorum IX Batavorum eq V Bracaraugustanorum I Breucorum c.R. V Breucorum c.R. eq III Britannorum I Aelia Brittonum I Raetorum II Raetorum |
II Thracum III Thracum c.R. III Thracum veterana IV Tungrorum veterana I Flavia Canathenorum sagitt |
^Pannonia
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|
| I Hispanorum Aravacorum I Flavia Britannica c.R. I Brittonum c.R. I Cananefatium I civium Romanorum I Augusta Ituraeorum I Praetoria singularium c.R. I Thracum victrix II Augusta Thracum I Ulpia contariorum I Thracum veterana sagitt III Augusta Thracum sagitt |
I Alpinorum eq I Alpinorum peditata II Alpinorum eq II Asturum et Callaecorum eq III Batavorum eq VII Breucorum c.R. eq I Brittonum V Callaecorum Lucensium eq I Campanorum voluntariorum c.R. II Augusta Dacorum eq I Lusitanorum Cyrenaica III Lusitanorum I Montanorum eq |
I Noricorum eq I Ulpia Pannoniorum eq I Thracum c.R. I Thracum Germanica I Thracum Syriaca equitata eq II Augusta Thracum eq I Aelia Caesariensis sagitt I Aelia Gaesatorum sagitt |
^Moesia Sup
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|
| I Claudia nova miscellanea Gallorum Flaviana |
III Brittonum veterana eq III campestris c.R. V Gallorum eq V Gallorum et Pannoniorum V Hispanorum eq I Pannoniorum veterana eq |
I Antiochensium sagitt I Cretum eq sagitt |
^Moesia Inf
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|
| II Hispanorum Aravacorum I Vespasiana Dardanorum I Flavia Gaetulorum Gallorum Atectorigiana I Claudia Gallorum Capitoniana I Gallorum et Pannoniorum cataphractaria |
I Bracarorum c.R. II Bracaraugustanorum eq II Flavia Brittonum eq I Lepidiana c.R. II Lucensium I Lusitanorum II Mattiacorum eq |
I Flavia Numidarum eq I Sugambrorum tironum I Claudia Sugambrorum veterana eq I Thracum Syriaca II Chalcidenorum sagitt I Cilicum eq sagitt |
^Dacia
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I Asturum I Batavorum |
I Afrorum c.R. eq |
I Cypria c.R. |
II Flavia Numidarum |
^Cappadocia
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|
| II Ulpia Auriana I Augusta gemina colonorum I Ulpia Dacorum II Gallorum I Parthorum veterana |
Apula c.R. I Bosporanorum I Claudia eq II Claudia I Hamiorum c.R. I Italica voluntariorum c.R. milliaria c.R. eq I Numidarum |
II Ulpia Petreorum eq III Ulpia Petreorum eq I Raetorum eq IV Raetorum eq III Augusta Cyrenaica sagitt |
^Syria
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I Flavia Agrippiana II Flavia Agrippiana Gaetulorum veterana I Phrygum VII Phrygum I Ulpia singularium I Thracum Herculanea Augusta Xoitana I Ulpia dromedariorum Gallorum et Thracum Antiana sagitt |
III Bracarum IV Bracarugustanorum III Callaecorum Bracarum IV Callaecorum Lucensium II Cantabrorum II classica I Ulpia Dacorum III Dacorum I Damascena Armeniaca II equitum eq II Ulpia equitatum eq I Flavia I Gaetulorum I Ulpia Galatarum |
II Ulpia Galatarum VII Gallorum eq V gemella c.R. VI Hispanorum II Ligurum et Corsorum I Lucensium I Augusta Lusitanorum I Montanorum I Augusta Pannoniorum II Ulpia Paphlagonum III Ulpia Paphlagonum eq IV Ulpia Petreorum V Ulpia Petreorum eq VI Ulpia Petreorum |
I Sebastena I Thracum III Augusta Thracum II Thracum Syriaca III Thracum Syriaca IV Thracum Syriaca I Ascalonitanorum sagitt I Flavia Chalcidenorum eq sagitt I Damascenorum sagitt II Italica voluntariorum c.R. sagitt I Ulpia Petreorum eq sagitt I Ulpia c.R. sagitt I Augusta Thracum eq sagitt |
^Aegyptus
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apriana Augusta Syriaca Commagenorum Gallorum veterana I Thracum Macedonica Vocontiorum |
I Ulpia Afrorum eq I Flavia Cilicum eq II Ituraeorum III Ituraeorum I Aug. praetoria Lusitanorum eq I Macedonica eq |
I Pannoniorum I Thebaeorum eq II Thebaeorum scutata c.R. I Apamenorum eq sagitt |
^Mauretania
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| III Asturum I Augusta c.R. I Augusta Gallorum I Gallorum Tauriana victrix Gemelliana c.R. I Flavia Numidica I Augusta Nerviana I Pannoniorum II Augusta Thracum I Hamiorum sagitt Parthorum sagitt I Syrorum sagitt II Syrorum sagitt |
I Flavia Afrorum II Flavia Afrorum I Asturum et Callaecorum III Asturum c.R. eq II Breucorum II Brittonum eq I Chalcidenorum eq VI Commagenorum eq I Corsorum c.R. V Delmatarum c.R. |
Aelia expedita I Flavia eq III Gallorum felix IV Gallorum c.R. II Hamiorum I Flavia Hispanorum II Hispanorum c.R. eq I Ituraeorum c.R. I Lemavorum c.R. VII Lusitanorum eq |
I Flavia Musulamiorum eq I Nurritanorum II Sardorum IV Sugambrorum IV Tungrorum I Syrorum sagitt II Syrorum eq sagitt |
^Internal
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|
| II Flavia Hispanorum (HISP) | III Alpinorum eq (DLM) I Aelia Athoitarum (THR) I Ausetanorum (HISP?) I Flavia Bessorum (MCD) Callaecorum (?) I Celtiberorum eq (HISP) I Cisipadensium c.R. (THR) Dacorum (?) I Gallica c.R. eq (HISP) I Delmatarum mill eq (DLM) |
I Ligurum (AS?) maritima (BAE) Maurorum et Afrorum (?) I Musulamiorum (LYC) VI praetoria (BYT) III sagittariorum (?) I/II nova tironum (HISP) VIII voluntariorum (DLM) XXV voluntariorum (HISP?) |
GLOSSARY OF NON-ETHNIC REGIMENTAL NAMES
NB: Where a regiment carries the name of a person (other than an imperial name, see below), e.g. ala Sulpicia, the name in most cases is that of the regiment's first, or early, praefectus (regimental commander). In the Augustan era, commanders of auxiliary units were often Roman legionary centurions, or native chieftains e.g. ala Gallorum Atectorigiana, which was probably once commanded by a Gallic chieftain named Atectorix. (Later, the emperor Claudius restricted auxiliary commands to Roman knights only).
(1) imperial dedications
- Augusta: founded by emperor Augustus (r. 30 BC - AD 14), or honoured with this title by any of his successors
- Claudia: founded by, or honoured by, one of: Tiberius (r.14-37), Caligula (37-41) or Claudius (41-54), all of whom were members of the Claudii clan
- Flavia: Vespasian (Titus Flavius Vespasianus r.69-79) or one of his two sons and successors, Titus (79-81) or Domitian (81-96)
- Ulpia: Trajan (Marcus Ulpius Traianus r.98-117)
- Aelia: Hadrian (Publius Aelius Hadrianus r.117-138)
- Aurelia: Marcus Aurelius (r.161-180)
- Septimia: Septimius Severus (r.197-211)
N.B. In the 4th century, Valeria referred to emperor Diocletian (Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus, r.284-305) and Flavia to Constantine I (Flavius Valerius Constantinus, r.312-337) or some of his successors.
(2) names of regiments originally raised by the emperor Augustus during the Illyrian revolt crisis (AD 6-9) from Roman citizens not admissible to legions (i.e. vagrants, convicts, debtors and freed slaves):
- civium Romanorum: regiment originally composed of Roman citizens (inc freed slaves)
- ingenuorum: regiment originally free-born (ingenui) Roman citizens
- voluntariorum: regiment originally volunteers (voluntarii), in reality slaves freed in return for military service during the Illyrian revolt crisis
PS: After their initial recruitment of Roman citizens, these regiments recruited non-citizens (peregrini) like all other regiments.
(3) other non-ethnic regimental names:
- classica: the regiment was originally recruited, probably in the Illyrian emergency, from naval personnel (from classis = "fleet"), who were mostly non-citizens. Also nauticarum (from nautae= "sailors") and maritima.
- praetoria: originally a cohort of the Praetorian Guard in Rome. Apparently a detachment of the cohort was left behind at the end of an imperial campaign, presumably to form the core of a new auxiliary cohort, retaining the prestigious name.
- singularium: ala formed around members of the elite equites singulares Augusti (imperial horseguards), left behind to reinforce frontier at the end of an imperial campaign.
- contariorum: specialised regiment of lancers (contarii) from contus (a long lance)
- dromedariorum: specialised regiment of camel-mounted troops for desert warfare
(4) regimental epithets:
- civium Romanorum (c.R. for short): title awarded by the emperor to a regiment for signal valour. All current (but not future) members would be granted Roman citizenship, and the regiment would retain the title in perpetuity.
- veterana: uncertain meaning: may have been used to distinguish older unit from a newer unit with the same serial number and name
- tironum: from tirones ("trainees")
Read more about this topic: List Of Roman Auxiliary Regiments
Famous quotes containing the words attested and/or reign:
“A chaplain is the minister of the Prince of Peace serving the host of the God of War—Mars. As such, he is as incongruous as a musket would be on the altar at Christmas. Why, then, is he there? Because he indirectly subserves the purpose attested by the cannon; because too he lends the sanction of the religion of the meek to that which practically is the abrogation of everything but brute Force.”
—Herman Melville (1819–1891)
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—Tacitus (c. 55–c. 120)